Education Reform Essay

Education reform has been a heavily debated topic over the past several decades. This dispute, over education standards, peaked my interest due to my belief that the majority of students in public schools across the United States are underperforming in comparison to other first world countries. On the other hand some teachers and education professionals consider the existing policies adequate in teaching students, and they oppose any new regulations bestowed on by the federal government. These professionals fear that the outcome of increased government action will only result in further standardized testing. There are a plethora of aspects pertaining to education reform, I will just be focusing on a few, including; whether additional schooling controls economic prosperity, if written exams indicate the knowledge a student retains from a particular course, and should the federal government regulate the education system? By beginning some perfunctory research I quickly decided that the United States was in fact in dire need for reform. I chose to investigate further into the issue to find a clearer understanding of what schools and faculty can do to better assist their students. The process of establishing and supporting my thesis was a culmination of multiple components. My Ultimate goal is for the reader to fully comprehend the impurities of public education. My research began with determining a topic, then the research portion of the assignment commenced. Research was not as easy as entering your topic in on a search engine, the sources had to be specific to your topic, from a trustworthy publisher, and factual. Additionally there were requirement as to the medium of sources we needed to incorporate, such as a book, an interview, and a periodical.

Ducati & Texas Pacific Group †a ”Wild Ride” Leveraged Buyout

Ducati & Texas Pacific Group – A †Wild Ride† Leveraged Buyout 1. What is the nature of the opportunity? Could the Ducati brand be expanded beyond motorcycles? Why or why not? TPG strategy is to invest in undervalued firms’ that usually have been poorly managed. The investments are made in privately hold firms that are either unlisted from the beginning or that is being delisted from the stock exchange under the LBO process. TPG wants to invest in firms with a â€Å"healthy† basis but that are experience some problems that TPG believes’ that they can fix. Does Ducati live up to this? TGP has the opportunity, if the deal goes through, to purchase a controlling stake in Ducati Meccanico, producer of the best motorcycles in the world. The article describes that Ducati was in a great position of becoming for street bikes as what Harley-Davidson was for cruisers. They have a recognized brand, in spite of limited marketing, associated with high performance, i. e. high quality and high technology. Their bikes crushed the competition and won the World Superbike championships for several years in a row; 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1995. Their racing performance indicated on technical brilliance which is just what street bike customers’ prefer and therefore they had customers on the wait lists to buy their bikes. The core business possible growth was considered as high when comparing their number of sales to Harley-Davidson sales. In addition, to this the market didn’t foresee any new entrants of street bikes which also work in their favor. The manufacturing fundamentals were strong with low fixed costs due to high levels of outsourcing, 85 %. They offered the customers 15 models of bikes in four families founded on seven various engines. Furthermore, the most expensive part of an engine is the crank cases and cylinders but Ducati can keep these costs low since they have high levels of standardization of their engines and therefore only need two crank cases and three cylinders because. All these factors’ make Ducati look like an attractive brand that should have a prosperous economy. But they were under great financial pressure and faced severe problems in both manufacturing and financing. They had no money and weren’t allowed to borrow any either which caused extreme delays on payments to key suppliers. Therefore their factor was full of unfinished/almost-finished bikes. This affected their sales and extended their customer wait lists but it also affected suppliers and some of them went bankrupt. Ducati were short on working capital and the business was so entangled with Cagiva Group, which Ducati was a part of, that the detail’s on Ducati’s performance was not transparent at all. In the time span from 1993 to 1995 there was only a reliable balance sheet from 1995. TPG managed to assemble the profit and losses for the other years. All this together indicates a really poorly handled management. The forecasted EBIT for 1996 was negative and there was an imminent chance that Ducati went bankrupt since they couldn’t meet there payments. This lack of transparency has made it hard to find financing. TPG can succeed if they manage to build a model that captures their payback goal times three in three to five years. They need to find out what the Ducati should be earning and around these assets construct an international company. TPG can expect to take over a mismanaged company under financial pressure/distress but that have great potential in their strong brand and manufacturing fundamentals. To make this work they need to use a capable management team that can build up both the brand and the company. They need arrange the financing to be able to recover from the distress and to start making some money. But as they state in the article they will have to write at least a thousands of checks on their first day. Ducati brand could and should probably be extended beyond motorcycles even though a first step is to close the deal, take control over and built up the company. There for it might not be a good idea, at least not the first thing to start with. As I already pointed out Ducati is in a great position to imitate, for street bikes, what cruisers are for Harley-Davidson. Harley-Davidson has succeeded in creating a life-style brand with as much as 15% of its sales, with a growth potential, coming from just clothing and mechanical accessories. Ducati could look at the products Harley-Davidson is selling and how their selling them. They could also compare with a car company, like Ferrari, that has a lot of clothing and accessories that they sell. Ducati has a great potential to extend beyond motorcycles with motorcycle clothing and accessories and mechanical accessories. There are probably a lot of motorcycle stores that would want to sell their products and they could also sell them through their own shops and from online shops. It is just the imagination, costs and the combination of a balanced brand expansion that sets the limits. 2. How does this deal differ from a typical deal in the US? In terms of deal flow generation, due diligence process, negotiations and context? Deal flow generation The deal flow is the ability used by equity firms to identify attractive potential investment candidates, i. e. the ability to generate deal flow. This flow is generated from a wide range sources’, from for instance the experience and network built up by working in specific businesses to the network of senior corporate executives and it is this flow that discover opportunities that otherwise would have gone by unnoticed. Now days’ investment banks generally works as agents that sells the opportunity to invest for a fee paid by the seller in a sale process akin to an auction. To help Cagiva through its financial distress the Castiglioni brothers wanted to get a bridge loan from DMG so they contacted Razzano but he wasn’t interested in signing them a loan agreement. Instead he saw the potential of an investment and contacted Halpern since they were looking for a joint investment. Due diligence Due diligence is the valuation process undertaken before the parties sign the deal to identify the future of the potential investment but also to estimate the proper price for the investment. Equity firms’ usually creates a model on several hypotheses that captures the payback of the investment. Due diligence is a vital process in investigating the financial health, technology, the market, and the current management. A lot of different sources are used and in connection to this the investing firm usually signs a confidential agreement. The due diligence process generally starts after the parties have signed a Letter of Intent and paves the path to further negotiations between them. TPG have signed a Letter of Intent with the Castiglioni brothers and are trying to build a model that captures their payback. The problem for them is to separate the intertwined Ducati from Cagiva to find out what the Ducati should be earning to be able construct an international company around these assets. Negotiation If the sale is conducted through an auction by an investment bank intermediate the due diligence process often leads to a final proposal by the bidders’ and this is where the negotiation phase starts with chosen bidders. The negotiations then lead to an agreement between the parties. According to the article the negotiations in the US are done more in a linear path but the negotiations with Cagiva can best be described as a circular path. TPG has been negotiated with Ducati for almost a year. This is probably were the cultural difference is most prominent. Americans chose to discuss every issue separately step by step and after every discussion they want to include this in the contract between the parties. Italians see the whole picture in every discussion so when the Americans have decided something new in the next step of the precoess the Italians want to go back to the previous steps and re discuss them. Furthermore, Italians don’t like do business if they can’t trust the other part in America you don’t have to feel the trust since you include every little detail in the arrangement otherwise you can get sued. Maybe that is why the Castiglioni brothers might not trust TPG if they are not willing to re discuss everything again. Maybe that is why they are trying to shop the deal to others even though they have signed a Letter of Intent with TPG. This would never happen in America. But they have not participated in any meetings and in America it would probably not be hard to sign a contract under an LBO situation. TPG believed that their behavior replicated an act of trying to back out of the deal. Context LBO’s in U. S. eems much more organized than in Italy but at the same time this might make it harder to find interesting targets that have the same growth potential or at least the competition of acquire them might be harder. The development of the high-yield markets in Europe compared to US differ since the markets in Europe was not as developed as the US market. This made it harder for TPG to accomplish the same level of leverage as in the US. Halpern compare the debt-to-equity rat io as 2:1 in Italy compared to 3:1 in the U. S. On the other hand TGP were looking for companies that had grown hastily but still was arranged as small company and in Italy companies aspired to be small because of the fact that they then paid less tax. In order to pay even less tax it wasn’t uncommon, according to Halpern, to find relatively small companies with as much as 50 subsidiaries. This is usually not the case in the U. S. To overcome the aim to stay small and to not go public â€Å"Tremonti Law† allowed companies that went public in 1996 a two years tax relief. 3. What is the value of Ducati at the time of the deal? How much should TPG be willing to pay for 51 percent of the equity? Please assume that the target return is 35 percent (annualized). Observe that you are required to value the firm. For the valuation of Ducati, observe that since this is a leveraged buyout, the debt-to-equity ratio will change drastically, and you need to handle this in the appraisal model you use. Furthermore, you need to think about the inputs you shall use in the valuation. How do you determine return on assets? Which risk free rate of interest should be used? Which risk premium should be used? Etc. To value Ducati we can use the APV-model. APV treats the firm as it is all equity financed. A suitable unleveraged beta for the estimation is a beta in the same industry that is all equity financed and the article states that Harley-Davidson don’t have any long-term debt which means that their beta is unleveraged. I will therefore use their beta of 1. 09. We will use CAPM to discount the cash flows and a rule of thumb to know which rate to use is to match the risk free rate with the country that we are going to invest in. The 10-year government bond is 6. 4% in both the US and Italy so this wouldn’t have caused any trouble here. Since the 10-year bond is 6. 74% in both countries we will not add any extra country risk for the investment. The risk premium that we are going to use is 7. 5%. TABEL 119961997199819992000200120022003 EBIT-5. 4+58. 2+79. 4+96. 3+111+123. 3+146 -Taxes(53. 5%)0-31. 1-42. 5-51. 5-59. 4-6. 6-72. 3-78. 1 +Depreciation+6+7. 3+9. 1+11. 1+13. 5+15 . 7+18. 1+20. 7 +Amortization+24. 7+24. 7+24. 7+28. 5+28. 5+28. 5+28. 5+28. 5 -Capex-12. 9-15. 5-20-24-22-24-24-25 Change in Working Capital (see TABEL 2)-0. 9-1. -32. 9-17. 3-2. 9-11. 2-10. 5-10. 3 Total cash flow 13. 342. 317. 843. 168. 766. 37580. 8 +1229. 8 TABEL â€Å"199519961997199819992000200120022003 Cash9. 411. 322. 689. 837. 279. 987. 2132. 2 6%6%6%6%6%6%6% Transaction cash required 9. 411. 322. 628. 532. 636. 2138. 841. 344 Accounting receivables 8084. 583. 2124. 5139. 9141. 6152161. 4170. 6 Inventory5537. 249. 265. 461. 768. 172. 676. 380. 2 Other3. 32. 22. 73. 21516. 81819. 120. 2 Current assets147. 7135. 2157. 7221. 6249. 2262. 7281. 4298. 1315 Accounting payable4030. 350. 478. 794. 4104. 1110. 9116. 6122. 6 Other11. 39. 410. 13. 27. 88. 79. 49. 910. 5 Current Liabilities 51. 339. 760. 991. 9102. 2112. 8130. 3126. 5133. 1 Working Capital 96. 495. 596. 8129. 7147149. 9161. 1171. 6181. 9 Change in Working Capital 0. 9 1. 3 32. 9 17. 3 2. 9 11. 2 10. 5 10. 3 CAPM: Re= R f+? (Rm-Rf) = 0. 0674 + 1. 09 x 7. 5 = 14. 92% Terminal value by with a multiple: TPG is willing to pay 400-500 billion lire for 100% of Ducati. Enterprise value: 280+140=420-40=380 Earnings multiple: (Enterprise value)/(EBITA for 1995)=380/60. 4=6. 3 (how many times this year’s profit is TPG willing to pay for Ducati) We use the multiple on EBITA for 2003 ? 195. 2 x 6. 3 = 1229. 8 (this have to be discounted to present value we will therefore add it to 2003) Value of Ducati if it was all equity financed: 13/1. 1492 + 42. 3/1. 14922 + 17. 8/1. 14923 + 43. 1/1. 14924 + 68. 7/1. 14925 + 66. 3/1. 14926 + 75/1. 14927 + 1310. 6/1. 14928=602. 3 billion lire But Ducati has liabilities so we need to value that as well. TABEL 319961997199819992000200120022003 Net interest expenses1131. 128. 928. 123. 117. 912. 36. 3 Tax shields(53. 5%) 5. 916. 615. 51512. 49. 66. 6 The tax shields illustrate how much less taxes’ Ducati needs to pay because of the interest expenses and that is what we need to discount in order to value Ducati. 5. 9/1. 1125 + 16. 6/1. 11252 + 15. 5/1. 11253 + 15/1. 11254 + 12. 4/1. 11255 + 9. 6/1. 11256 + 6. 6/1. 11257 = 56. 7 billion lire Value of Ducati: 602. 3+56. 7=659 billion lire Value of equity= 659-280=379 billion 4. Should Halpern consider applying a country risk premium in determining the appropriate discount rate for Ducati? They should not consider applying a country risk premium since the Italian the long government bond of Italy and the US are the same, i.. . 6. 74%. 5. Should Halpern walk away from this deal? Why or why not? Ducati has a lot of problems that I already covered under the first question. But as a summery are under great financial pressure and have faced severe problems in both manufacturing and financing. The reporting of their financial performance is not transparent at all instead it is entan gled with the Cagiva Group. This has made it hard for TPG to hunt financing to the LBO. It is perhaps not a surprise but they have a problem with their working capital and the payment delays leave them with a lot of unfinished bikes. This has lead to a decrease of their sales and enlarged wait lists. Then we have a badly manage management by the Castiglioni brothers who continues to shop around for other deals even though they signed the Letter of Intent. There is also the risk of insolvency of Ducati and bankruptcy of Cagiva which have made TPG worried about the Italian legacy. A bankruptcy of Cagiva after a closed deal could lead to a delay of the deal for up to four years and this would be cost them a lot of money. The deal also has a lot of benefits. Ducati is the world leading manufacturer of motorcycles and if managed well they could probably be profitable very soon. They already believe that this want be a problem with Minoli as CEO. The brand is well-known and easy for investors to understand. This opens up the opportunity for IPO which could in fact obtain higher sales compared to trading. TPG has worked with the deal for one year so they have really had time have to plan for the changes in the Ducati. 6. If TPG pursues the deal and purchases a stake in Ducati, what are the critical steps that TPG needs to take in order to make the deal successful? Please be specific in your answer! First of all they need to get the Castiglioni brothers to stop shopping around for other deals. They have â€Å"signed† the deal through the Letter of Intent and it is the brothers and Cagiva responsibility to follow the contract. Maybe easier said than done be the negotiations must continue in order to get a deal. TPG also need to finish their due diligence model so to that they can identify the future of the potential investment but also to estimate the proper price for the investment. It is hard to close a deal otherwise. The due diligence is also important in investigating the financial health, technology, the market, and the current management. If they sign the deal TPG can expect to take over a mismanaged company under financial distress that has great potential through its strong brand and manufacturing fundamentals. To make this work they need to use a capable management team that can build up both the brand and the company. They also need to start up and arrange the NewCO establishment, the senior debt and write at least thousands of checks on their first day.

Stereotypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stereotypes - Essay Example The common stereotype for such students is that they are children who are either orphaned, adopted or have no biological parents for some reason, or generally that they come from abusive and broken homes. Family problems are therefore the first stereotype to be formed for such isolated students. Research shows that this type of stereotyping may be actually founded on facts. It shows that more than fifty percent of the students, especially teenagers, who exhibited the aforementioned signs, came from families with a history of abuse and divorce. Majority of these teenagers were comprised of families whose fathers had walked out on them (Dennis and Erdos, 2000). The effect of this therefore is that the student becomes distant, anti-social and depressed. This leads to poor performance in school and anti-social behavioral patterns (Teenage outcasts, 2011). The preceding argument is not entirely true as it is based on existing misconceptions about teenage outcasts. This is because not all teenage students who tend to exhibit behavioral isolation came from problematic families. In fact, in some instances such students came from good and well of families, and the isolation may have been caused by psychological factors such as shyness (Mosser, 2011). All that such students may be in need of is just some company so as to make them feel wanted and as part and parcel of the society. Stereotyping them thus only leads to long term negative impacts that would always place them at a disadvantage, one that they may wholly never recover from (U.S News Science, 2010). The second common stereotype revolves around the gay community. Majority of the people perceive gay people as having a tendency of exhibiting feminine traits. Any person who walks, talks, or engages in activities that are considered a preserve of the female gender are out rightly labeled as gay. It is not uncommon to hear of most people referring male fashion designers, stylists, or male hair dressers as gay. The st ereotype here is that all persons of the male gender who engage in professions that are considered feminine are gay. The stereotype here is even extended to ordinary male persons who exhibit feminine tendencies, or tend to lean more on female behavioral characteristics. This stereotype has been largely perpetuated by the media, which portrays all gay men as being extremely effeminate. So, are these stereotypes about gay men being effeminate true? Research suggests that gay men actually do prefer some professions like interior designing, fashion and hair coloring (Stossel and Binkley, 2006). In fact, professions like dancing and fashion require the creative touches of the gay people, and it is no wonder that such professions are flooded with gay men. Michael Bailey, a psychology professor, argues that these stereotypes of the gay men are actually true. He argues that gay men exhibited feminine tendencies during childhood and had a preference for feminine sex roles (Bailey, 2003). How ever, it is such stereotyping of the gay people that has led to homophobic attacks and discrimination among the gay community. This form of stereotyping has long-term negative impacts on the perception of the gay community in the society (Pre-existing notions, 2011). This form of stereotyping is not entirely true. This is because it is merely a generalization that lacks in elaborate research as to the accuracy of this hypothesis. The members of the gay commun

The Hunchback of Notre Dame Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Research Paper Example It was saved from destruction and restored to its marvelous state by a famous French architect known as Eugene Viollet -le- Duc1. Many Francophone countries use the name Notre Dame in Catholic churches as it means Our Lady. Understanding the structure and significance of the building requires proper movement through the building. The Notre Dame de Paris was believed to among the first cathedrals constructed in Gothic design with its construction period spanning around the Gothic era. Its stained glass and sculptures show the powerful influence of naturalism which was different from the Romanesque architecture. The building was among the first buildings to use the arched exterior supports also known as the flying buttress. The original design was not made to include the implementation of flying buttress around the nave and choir. During construction, the thinner walls made in Gothic style began growing higher thus causing stress fractures to occur due to outward movement of the walls. To counter the move the architects of the cathedral built supports around the outer walls, later on, more additions were added to the pattern. In the 1790s the cathedral underwent desecration throughout the radical phase of the revolutionary French revolution when most of the religious imagery was destroyed or damaged. The 19th century was marked as a period of conducting a restoration project on the cathedral to return it to its marvelous state2. The cathedral was opened by a bishop of Paris known as Maurice de Sully in 1160 who had the idea of converting the two ruin basilicas into a single building for the large-scale purpose. In 1163 Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone and consecration of the high altar began in 1189.By 1250 the nave, western facade, and choir had been completed and the next 100 years saw the addition of chapels, porches and other embellishments.

Summary Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Summary - Case Study Example Mrs. Fairlie's son Hamish benefited from this program and now goes to regular school. Miss Taylor's chosen charity was Make a Difference, a small charity that supports children and their families in Sydney suffering from financial crisis. These Sydney families would be directly supported by the funds raised here. Both ladies were awarded $15000 each to visit their charities of choice, as well as a trip to Hawaii. APEC summits usually draw their share of protesters to each meet, and the businesses of the CBD at Sydney are being asked to beef up security in anticipation of untoward events or damages to property by protesters. According to the NSW Business chamber's chief executive, Kevin MacDonald, the challenge for the businesses would be to cope with upsets in everyday business due to security and transport measures taken by the government as well as taking on additional individual security measures. The reinforced security measures could include simple things like locking doors, limiting access to vital areas and increasing the amount of security at the shop fronts. Businesses with shop fronts would be particularly vulnerable, and both Australian as well as international businesses could be targeted. These conclusions are based on previous experiences of demonstrations by protesters at APEC summits. All businesses are therefore taking the threat of possible damage to property very seriously . This year, the theme of the one of t... Since Bowral is the home of the cricket icon Don Bradman, and the McGrath Foundation is founded by former Australian cricketer Glenn McGrath, the natural association of cricket into the cause of breast awareness is marked by two remarkable themed gardens. Other than the100,000 tulips in the Corbett Gardens, some exotic private gardens can be seen on the "Garden Trail", and art, textile and pottery exhibitions enjoyed on the "Garden and Art Trail" spread across the Southern Highlands. The weekend would also be marked by a food and wine festival, a special charity cricket day, and a gala dinner. ---------------------------------------- The APEC summit would end with a short, five-minute fireworks display. This is supposed to mark the end of the summit, and would complement the appearance of the APEC logo that would be shining on the Sydney Harbour Bridge from September 2 to 9. The fireworks would be sent off from various tall ships and yachts, but not from the Sydney Bridge itself, and the entire display would be called "River of Fire". The show would be exclusive to the visiting dignitaries who would be attending a 45-minute performance featuring young Australian artists inside the nearby Sydney Opera House. Since the fireworks display would be very short, and would be held inside the area under APEC security restrictions, APEC spokeswoman Anne Fulwood felt that the general public would enjoy it better on their television sets. This would also prevent any disruptions in the area under the APEC strict security lock-down. ----------------------------- A new music, art and media festival called Up! would be presented by the Frontier Touring Company this spring. It would be headed by

Steps in Introducing a New Product in the Market Case Study

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What Drives Chinese Into Buying Luxury Goods in the 21st Century Essay

What Drives Chinese Into Buying Luxury Goods in the 21st Century - Essay Example Chinese consumers buy the products within China and also from other countries as tourists. A rapidly growing upper and middle class are seen as bent on enhancing their individuality by buying luxury goods, according to a report from McKinsey&Co (2011). China has been reported to have already overtaken the United States and Japan in terms of luxury items purchases (Vickers & Renand, 2003). China has worked hard to achieve economic prosperity, producing current generations of millionaires. Accordingly, this generation has been spending a large amount in the luxury market day by day and Chinese are becoming more dynamic and active buyers in the market (Lu, 2012). China has emerged as the biggest purchaser of luxury goods in the world market. Chinese consumers are showing considerable interest in buying luxury goods these days, and this has not been left unnoticed by the global luxury market (Frank, 2013). The United States, Japan, and Europe, who have been the top consumers of luxury goods, are indeed quite surprised with the growing appetite of Chinese for luxury items. Nearly all Chinese visiting Paris have bought expensive bags without looking at its price tags. They are also buying other luxury items like goggles, cars, shoes, and many others. Luxury goods refer to all those branded products unreachable by ordinary people. The rich and senior citizens comprise the bulk of overseas luxury buyers and item collectors. To them, luxury items are products of cultural essence, and obtaining them means owning a piece of culture. There are three groups in China buying luxury goods: those who are considered as spectacularly rich, the young urban professionals and people who want to gain some sense of satisfaction, and some shady characters composed of blackmailers or illegal groups who have smuggled luxurious goods into the country. China’s growing

History wk 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History wk 11 - Essay Example This meant that many of the self-help books and programs were created during this post-modern period. Gergen (2000) suggests that modernists believe that the world is split into two areas – one where material things exist in the outer world and the other where the mind takes over the inner world. He suggests that we still have to see the total person, but they also have to understand how the world works. I think the two differ in the fact that the modernist period grew out of the Western world’s view of psychology. It assumed that all of the world looked the same as it did to Westerners. Of course, we know that this is not true and that there are many times where culture is important. When looking at aging, I would think that we are still in the age of post-modern because we expect that as people get older and more frail, that there will be others to take care of them if they cannot stay with their families. In many other cultures, the elderly are taken care of by the f amily until they die. Modernists would see aging as something to be observed and they would look at the possibilities of how they may help the elderly live a better life.

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Philanthropy of henry ford Annotated Bibliography

Philanthropy of henry ford - Annotated Bibliography Example Ford brought about many changes in the automobile industry. His vision was to provide the Americans with a car that each of them could afford. The first car built by Ford called Model T changed the way millions of people lived in United States allowing them to travel faster as well as work farther away from home. Ford’s changes to the automobile industry left a lasting mark on the United States. As a result, this vision helped create the middle class in United States marked by urbanization, rising wages, creation of national highway systems, growth of suburbia as people could travel anywhere anytime. As the population of the Model T grew, he aimed towards global expansion of his company. Consumerism was his global vision as key to peace. He thought that international trade and cooperation can lead to international peace and he demonstrated this by using the assembly line and production of Model T. He also believed on the economic independence for United States. Soon Ford Company became the largest industrial complex that had its own vertical integration and could even produce its own steel. Henry Ford can be considered as a philanthropist because of this contribution to the people of United States and the world. Gregory Stobbs uses the Ford and his assembly line to explain about the patents methods in business. He explains how Ford developed the assembly line and what were the economic repercussions of his invention. For example, Russ mentions that the automobile assembly line was built keeping the division of labor in mind. Previously, skilled craftsmen manufactured a whole car from ground using tools and materials from the tool room as per their needs. Ford wanted that each worker whether skilled or un-skilled work on one part of the car and add their part when the vehicle would roll down the assembly line. Each person would be doing a repetitive job without ever having to worry about other parts of the

Shaping American History Essay Example for Free

Shaping American History Essay As they say there is nothing constant but change. While there is nothing that can be added to this truism, one can argue that although American society is constantly evolving, the changes that are happening in the 21st century are simply the byproduct of the events that transpired in the past, particularly after World War II. These pivotal decades after the Second World War covers the latter part of the 20th century and these five important periods in modern US history are popularly known by their epithets: the 50s, 60s, 70s, 80, and 90s. The following pages will show the pivotal events that occurred within each decade that consequently shaped American history. In the Aftermath of the War The Second World War was one of the bloodiest in the history of mankind. But aside from the carnage, the most important thing to remember about World War II is the effect it had on the political landscape. Germany was reduced to rubble and humbled beyond recognition. Japan was also humiliated especially after two atomic bombs leveled two key cities, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Although Great Britain belonged to the winning team, the human and monetary cost of the war forced this once proud nation to take a backseat to two emerging global superpowers, the United States and the Union Soviet Socialist Republic. While the whole world was rebuilding from the ashes of war, the United States began to grow from strength to strength. It also began to evolve, particularly in the area of politics and technology. Its policies after the war as well as the scientific breakthroughs experienced by American scientists made the US a force to contend with. The United States of America replaced Europe as the center of the world. The following historical events will help characterize America in the decades after World War II. The 1950s Television There were so many things happening in the decade of the 50s. It was rebuilding time all over the world. The euphoria from winning the global conflict began to wane and Americans started to ease back into normalcy. During this time American citizens began to notice something that used to be in their peripheral vision during World War II but after the war it slowly began to move front and center – the television set. But it had to begin from scratch, â€Å"There was hardly a large enough audience base to interest advertisers in investing in what programming was available. And there was no evidence that television was more than a costly toy† (Sig, 1998). But things began to change for this little apparatus. Technology was a major factor as well as the astute businessmen who saw the great potential for TV. It did not take very long before American began to appreciate the sitcoms, soaps and news broadcast that they can enjoy watching in their television set. With regards to the impact of TV, John Corner was able to put it succinctly when he remarked that TV radically altered the scale, speed of circulation, and nature of knowledge in society and he adds that there is also, â€Å"The extension of the public knowledge field by television, a process co-extensive with television’s steady colonization of everyday life †¦ has changed the nature both of public and private life† (Thumim, 2002). In light of what is happening today, there is so much truth in this last statement. The use of television as a means to broadcast message into homes made a huge impact in American lives considering the history altering events that occurred after the 1950s. If the television set failed to replace radio as the major method of relaying information then it would have been impossible for Americans to feel the seriousness of the Cold War, the excitement of seeing man landing on the moon, the ambivalence concerning the Vietnam War, the social turmoil of the 80s, and many others.

Managing Finances for a Better Future Essay Example for Free

Managing Finances for a Better Future Essay In American society, we are encouraged to save money for a better future. However, in my life I have encountered problems with managing my personal finances. In the past, I spent my money irresponsibly. Despite making a decent salary, it was a challenge trying to maintain my financial responsibilities and not something I was very concerned about. I felt as though I was living paycheck to paycheck, when the reality was I simply did a poor job of managing my funds. Now that I have grown up and have a son, my expenses have increased tremendously. Although he is my biggest joy, having to take care of him has worsened my inability to manage and save money properly. When I should be saving money for his college education, instead I spent $500 on toys for Christmas. Therefore, learning how to effectively manage my finances is vitally important in order to secure a healthy and rewarding future for myself and my son. Information to Resolve My Daily Problem As I consider how to resolve my constant problem of saving money, I have identified these information sources as possible resources: 1.  I would use my 401(k) investment catalog to discover more information about how to invest money into different stocks and bonds. 2. I would contact Diana Marrero-Pinto, Director of Housing at the Lorain County Community Action Agency, Inc. to register for the Budgeting Bootcamp seminar. 3. I would search the Internet for reliable resources on how to save money in a bad economy. I would look for such resources in the following manner. I would contact my 401(k) representative to schedule a meeting to discuss my account and possible investments. I would contact Diana Marrero-Pinto to discuss the Budgeting Bootcamp seminar and other training opportunities. I would visit the University of Phoenix Library for articles and book excerpts on budgeting and saving money. Process for Evaluating My Resources In order to evaluate the information that I would gather to resolve my problem, I would consider the source of that information. If I am interviewing professionals, I would ensure that they have a background in finance or experience working with people on how to manage their personal finances. If I am looking at Internet resources, I would be cautious nreliable websites that contain non-factual information. I believe, the Wall Street Journal website has reliable information since it is a nationally renowned newspaper in the United States. Another really reliable resource would be the University of Phoenix Library, because college officials ensure the information is reliable for students. The articles and books available on the University of Phoenix Library allow thousands of students to feel confident about the reliability and accuracy of the resources retrieved from the website. Ways to Use This Information to Resolve the Problem The process of problem-solving includes the ability to utilize self-knowledge to figure out solutions to a problem (Carter, Bishop, Kravits, 2007). I believe there are four stages in problem-solving: analyzing, synthesizing, applying, and evaluating. First, analyze the problem or issue by identifying the possible causes for why the problem occurred. Next, synthesize all the data that explains the problem and brainstorm possible solutions. According to Carter, Bishop, and Kravits (2007), â€Å"When you are brainstorming ideas, don’t get hooked on finding the one right answer. Questions may have many â€Å"’right answers’- or many answers that have degrees for usefulness† (para. 52). From these possible solutions create a plan of action, outlining important goals with timeframes for completion. Once the goals and timeframes are established, I will begin to apply the goals set forth in order to solve my problem. Later, I will evaluate the process it took to solve my problem, and decide if the process was dependable. This will help me to make better decisions in the future.

The Values and beliefs of mentoring

The Values and beliefs of mentoring Mentoring is a dynamic complex developmental relationship between two. They share experience, values and beliefs (Palmer 1987).Through this partnership the mentee, with assistance from the mentor sets goals for purpose of the development of the mentee. Enhancing skills, gaining new knowledge and implementing new behaviours are the intended targets of the mentoring journey. To achieve these goals in personal development, professional development and learning, the relationship requires time, patience, dedication and to some degree selflessness .In medicine , mentoring is changing the culture of sink or swim attitude.(20) The concept of developmental mentoring therefore, with its emphasis on peer support, self managed learning, development contracts and reflective practice has the potential to challenge the individual mentors and mentees. While it is a close relationship, it is not a friendship .Problems can arise and lead to dysfunctional relationship .Some measures are recommended to avoid such outcome. Mentoring is a relationship between two people in which trust and respect enables problems and difficulties to be discussed in an open and supportive environment (Whittaker and Cartwright 2000). It is psychological bond between two people .Connor (2006) suggests that mentors provide a safe place for reflection; they listen and support, explore strengths and blind spots, enable self challenge, generate insight and focus on goals. .The focus in mentoring is emotional and behavioural aspect of knowledge transfers rather the processes or techniques as compared to tutoring. (Fig 1) It has benefits and satisfies needs of both. Once grasped, this is often seen as one of the most liberating aspects of being a mentor/mentee (3) Fig (1): Tutoring v Coaching v Mentoring What the mentor do (activities)? (6x5x5) I can summarize these as: 6 attitudes and 5 skills in 5 phases Attitudes: Fig (2) (mentor= MENTOR) In the mentee centred model which I prefer, the mentor helps the mentee set goals in personal and career development and learning objectives. We know that self discovery and self experience are important facets of learning (Rogers1983) and as (kobbs1984) (Knowles 1984) observed in adult learning theories. Mentee are expert in their own right. The mentor just motivates, empower, nurture self confidence, and teach by example, and sometime, offer counsel and advice and raise the performance bar (Scouba 1999). He helps the mentee to grow and achieve his goals. These goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic and time bound (SMART). He recommends and creates learning opportunities, transfer knowledge in such areas like critical thinking, problem solving, and points strength and areas for development Motivate Empower Nurture self-confidence Teach by Example Offer counseladvice Raise performance bar Fig (2): mentor = MENTOR= 6 attitudes He wears these different hats according the situation and mentoring moments In simple words he involves the mentee in mentoring conversation (the five mentoring phases) (fig3) 2-Undersatnding The mentee 5 Implementation Review 1-Contraction and Building rapport 3 Analysis Mentee needs/Mentor perspective 4 Action planning Options/choice Fig (3): Mentoring: The 5 phases During this special conversation the mentor applies the 5 mentoring (communication) skills: Fig (5) Mentoring skills: 1-Rapport: is the ability to relate to others in a way that creates a climate of trust and understanding. Rapport is also the ability to see each other point of view (not necessary agree with), to be in the same wavelength and to appreciate each other feelings.(24) To build rapport different techniques can be used starting with small talks to explore common interest, day to day chat and progress to opinions, beliefs, feeling and emotions. With time as the relation becomes stronger and people become comfortable, unspoken rapport can be reached. Fig (3) Unspoken Rapport Feeling and emotions Judgement, values and belief Ideas and opinions Facts, opinions and small talk Ritual and clichà © FIG (3): Building Rapport steps 2-Effective listening: This is an art and skill to learn. Active and then deep listening requires the listener to understand, interpret, and evaluate what they hear. This involves tuning in to what the mentee is saying, giving them complete concentration, and waiting patiently for them to finish, without diving in or making assumptions about what they are likely to say. The provision of maximum attention is displayed both verbally and non-verbally through body language and eye contact. Words and actions should be used to convey encouragement to the mentee and benefit from active listening to get people to open up. (8)The ability to listen actively can improve personal relationships through reducing conflicts, strengthening cooperation, fostering understanding and building trust . Mentor should avoid cosmetic listening only. Fig (4) COSMETIC LISTENING CONVERSATIONAL LISTENING ACTIVE LISTENING DEEP LISTENING Fig (4) Listening types: mentoring level social level 3-Asking powerful Questions Questional skills are fundamental to effective mentoring. The role of questioning here is how to draw out learning and ideas from mentee In mentoring one need to ask open question rather than close ones, probing and challenging than leading. Even sometimes smiles, pauses, nods or gestures are as effective as spoken questions (14) Contracting Giving constructive Feedback Asking Powerful Questions Effective Listening REFLECTION Building Rapport MENTORING SKILLS (Applied in mentoring 5phases) Fig (3) Fig (5) Mentoring: The 5 skills 4-Giving constructive feedback A mentor can apply the principles of johari window (fig 6) during the mentoring process of giving feedback and encouraging self disclosure and to move information from blind spot and facade into the ARENA therefore increasing the size of the arena. (8)The blind spot will decrease as individual accept and own new information about themselves .The faà §ade get smaller as they disclose more information about their feeling, perception and opinions. Fig (6) Fig (6) : Principles of Feedback is the mechanism to enable people to develop, improve and change. One myth is that feedback is always negative, and it always a description of someones inadequacies and failures in developmental mentoring it is important to feedback successes as well as failures. What is important is that feedback is designed to help the person learn (constructive) while destructive feedback simply undermine and devalue them. What make the feedback effective when it is specific, nonjudgmental and given with purpose e.g. to improve performance (4) 5Contraction this more or less about mentoring agreements and helps (as I shall explain later) to resolve conflicts and problems that may arise 6- Reflection Both mentor and mentee must reflect at all the times to see that is learned and redefine more goals. A mentor can support the mentee by recognizing that each mentee is different. Some mentees may come with the solution himself/herself the mentor here is just acting as sound board. In other occasions the mentor must be prepared to respond in a number of ways called influencing styles as per need of mentee(6) These range from listening and interpretation, challenging, probing and diagnosing, gathering and adding new data, identifying options or last resort even planning for the mentee( defeat the issue, generally not recommended ). At end, the degree of intervention chosen by the mentor is : what mentoring is all about. Problems challenges Like any relationship things may not run smoothly. Problems usually stem from poor implementation of mentoring process. Nevertheless, this may exist at outset such as conflict between the mentoring and supervisory roles of the mentor; Mentors should not be the mentees educational supervisor or line manager or otherwise be involved in their appraisal to avoid blurring of these distinct roles Shaw (1983) has also referred to these inherent tensions in the role of the mentor if he or she also contributes, at whatever distance, to any assessment or performance at work (14) Another potential downside of mentoring is that over a period of time mentors tend to develop a considerable personal and private knowledge about their mentees and this knowledge base Safeguards of confidentiality are of vital importance in maintaining the integrity of the mentoring process. A dysfunctional mentoring relationship could also result from possession of certain personality traits that are not compatible with the process. Hence the importance of the mentor and the mentee having some common interests to give the relationship a good start..There should be matching and some choice given to mentee in mentoring programme. It is very important to have the right chemistry, to really, be able to mentor anyone in addition there must be a sense of win-win in both the mentor and the mentee. Both should want to participate, then the relationship can stretch over months or even years. Good mentoring is a facilitative, and during the mentoring process sometimes it is easy for the mentor to develop a patronizing attitude towards the mentee and it is important for the mentor to be aware of this tendency and resist it. Hence, mentoring should not always be about the mentor advising the mentee what to do in a particular situation, but rather should be about the mentor facilitating exploration of the issues by the mentee, at his or her own pace.(8) Thus by encouraging critical reflection on the issues the mentee should be able to find solutions to his or her own problems. Other difficulties include frustration due to lack of progress. Mentoring relationships that can be unproductive, unfulfilling, or (at an uncommon extreme) dysfunctional. i.e. primarily characterized by conflict. It occurs when a mentoring relationship is not working for one or all people involved because needs are not being met or individuals experience distress as a result of the relationship (Eby an d Allen1997) Problems and challenges in mentoring @ The Outset (avoidable) Mix of roles matching Lack of progress Patronizing attitude, confidential breach Boundaries /Emotions Too close or dysfunctional Dysfunctional Fig (8): Mentoring: the challenges There are a number of things that mentors can do to avoid or cope with conflict that may arise in a mentoring relationship like avoid self defeating behaviour: slow down, engage in critical self reflection( appendix1 appraisal check list ), consider ethical and professional obligations as a Mentor, be proactive and seek consultation. Also being too close to mentee can be a problem. I see it as one of the biggest challenges. Mentor should remind himself and his mentee that although the relation is a psychological bond but still not a blind friendship. There are boundaries and limitation to be observed. People can refer to their mentoring agreement ( see appendix ) to resolve these issues. There is always the option to end the relation with mutual respect. ( life cycle of mentoring by Hay(1995) appendix 2 What makes a good mentor? Mentors should enjoy helping others, has genuine interest in the mentee not only professionally but as human being. A good mentor accept their mentees, is empathetic, and free of judgment or rejection , maintains a positive outlook, yet is able to be realistic and have a strong interest in their own growth and self-development. A good mentor is committed to the role of mentoring and believes in the value of mentoring. He shows a desire and a willingness to give up time to help others with an open mind and a willingness to support the relationship. This good intention should by be supported with knowledge about mentoring techniques (8) Successful mentorship requires mentors with a balance of skills, attributes, and qualities. Some of these attributes can be learned or developed while others are inherent individual qualities that are part of who the mentor is. The attributes of a good mentor are widely discussed in the mentorship literature. Drawing from years of experience designing formal mentoring programs, Bowley offers these essential qualities of a good mentor: commitment, acceptance for mentee, teaching, learning and optimism.(8) Mentor should possess certain virtues, abilities and competences.(Johson2003) MENTOR Competent, committed, Confident Virtues Integrity, caring Prudence pru Abilities Cognitive, emotional Relational Competencies Teaching, mentoring Communication Fig (9) : Mentor Attributes 1Virtues Integrity, Caring, Prudence Mentor virtues of integrity, caring and prudence are described as The foundation to mentoring. Integrity reflects the ability to establish and maintain trust in a mentoring relationship, drawing from the presence of honesty and mutuality. Caring as a virtue means that the mentor shows respect and empathy to others-both within and outside of the mentoring relationship. Prudence indicates the intentionality and appropriateness of the mentor as shown through decision making (8) 2- Abilities Cognitive, Emotional, Relational Cognitive abilities include a sense of curiosity and dedication to experiential and theoretical learning. Emotional abilities reflect the individuals emotional self-awareness and receptivity, the persons engagement in self-reflection finally, relational abilities include the capacity to communicate empathy, respect and compassion. 3-Competencies Teaching, Mentoring, communication : These are specific skills, knowledge or techniques that mentors can develop through training and education. Teaching competencies include an understanding of adult learning processes and of the developmental needs and transitions commonly experienced by mentees. A facilitator to enable the mentee to open up new possibilities and set/achieve goals and models continuous learning, actively engaging mentees in their own learning and reflective processes, stimulates the students thinking and reflection and net worker who helps to develop useful connections for the mentee.(14) Mentoring competencies This compasses all technical aspects of mentoring: knowledge and Skills (fig 6) in the structure and process of the mentoring relationship, Skills to cope with challenges arising within a mentoring relationship (fig8)and understanding of the roles and responsibilities Of a mentor, recognition of dysfunction in a mentoring relationship. Communicating competencies address the interpersonal communication capacity and the self-awareness of the mentor. Conclusion What mentor do ( in mentee perspective) is to put in place achievable development plan, act as sounding board or devil advocate ,open doors and support in seeking opportunities .(9)The effective mentor gently probes to understand the relevant issues, asks open-ended and fact-seeking questions and understands that silence is useful when information is being digested or breathing space is needed.   Questions should be used to obtain information and/or steer the discussion in a particular direction. Appreciative listening is also important (7) It is important for mentors to convey understanding through feedback, reflecting back the mentees feelings and accurately summarizing or paraphrasing their thought processes. Overall good mentorship is about empowering the mentee to become self aware, self directing, develop a sense of their own purpose and understand their personal needs.(2) They also enjoy the reward from feedback about accomplishments in which they have shared. At the end a happy mentee is an evidence of a good mentor. References 1)D. a. l. Macafee: Is there a role for mentoring in surgical specialty training? medical teacher jan 2008, vol. 30, no. 2, pages e55-e59: e55-e59 2)S.Rramani, L Gruppen, E. Kachur :Twelve tips for developing effective mentors ,medical teacher Jan 2006, Vol. 28, No. 5, Pages 404-408: 404-408 3) T.Stenfors-Hayes, S Kalà ©n, et al : Being a mentor for undergraduate medical students enhances personal and professional development Medical Teacher Jan 2010, Vol. 32, No. 2, Pages 148-153: 148-153. 4) K Taherian, M.Shekarchian: Mentoring for doctors. Do its benefits outweigh its disadvantages? medical teacher Jan 2008, Vol. 30, No. 4, Pages e95-e99: e95-e99 5)Exploring mentoring: Board of medical education,BMA August 2004 6)Mentoring for doctors, guidance from doctors forum , DH 2004 7)B Buddeberg-Fischer, K-D. Herta :Formal mentoring programmes for medical students and doctors a review of the Medline literature medical teacher, Jan 2006, Vol. 28, No. 3, Pages 248-257: 248-257. 8) Module Two:: Competency in Mentoring,:Canadian coalition for global health research,2007 9) Oxley et al, 2003: Mentoring for doctors: enhancing the benefit (behalf of the Doctor Forum) 10) Megginsion, Clutterbuck, Garvey :Mentoring in Action A Practical Guide., Stokes, Garrett-Harris, 2006 11) Klasen and Clutterbuck, : Implementing Mentoring Schemes A practical guide to successful programmes. 2007 12) Megginson and Clutterbuck: Techniques for Coaching and Mentoring -2007 13) http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/mentoring:RCP Pilot Mentoring Scheme in Wales 14)N.Cooper, k Forrest, Educational supervision in postgraduate medical education, wiley-blackwell,2009 15) SCOPME 1998 report in mentoring : Standing Committee On Postgraduate Medical Education 16) L H. Toledo-pereyra : Mentoring Surgeon ,Journal of Investigative Surgery Jan 2009, Vol. 22, No. 2, Pages 77-81 17) M. F. Longhurst: The mentoring experience ,medical teacher Jan 1994, Vol. 16, No. 1, Pages 53-59: 53-59 18)M.G.Moller,J.Karaichalis et al : Mentoring the modern surgeon, bulletin of the American college of surgeon, july2008 19)M.PConner, ,J.Pokora,N,Redfern : Developing senior doctors as mentor,medical education,34:747-75 20) C.Doherty: Introducing mentoring to doctors( challenging the of sink or swim culture), developmentlearning organization journal ,18:1, 6-8,2004 21)R. Alliot: Facilitatory mentoring in general practice,BMJ supplement,sep1996 WEB SITE 22) www.academicmedicine.ac.uk à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Mentoring and Outreach 23) www.academicmedicine.ac.uk/mentoring 24) www.nwmentoring.nhs.uk : northwest mentoring programme 25) www.rcseng.ac.uk/support/mentoring 26)www.emccouncil.org/uk Appendix 1 Mentoring agreement Some questions for mutual agreement 1what is aim of relationship? 2- What each contributions will be? 3- When, where to meet? 4-how to contact each other? 5-will meeting be structured and how? 6- How to deal with difficulties? 7- What confidentiality mean in this relationship? 8-how to review progress? 9- How (and under what circumstances) we end the relationship? Other issues can be added Mentor appraisal checklist for mentoring sessions (Hay 1999) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was there rapport between us? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Did we feel able to challenge each other if appropriate? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was the content of our discussions relevant to our contract? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was I genuinely pleased when the mentee made his own decisions? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How well was I using the skills of listening, questioning, reflecting, feedback and review etc? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Was I avoiding the mentee becoming dependant? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Did the mentee have ownership of his/her decisions? Was he/she the decision maker? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have we identified alternative options? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is she/he accepting responsibility? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have we celebrated achievements? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Do we need to plan for an ending yet?

Haunting Confession of Revenge and Murder in The Cask of Amontillado Es

The haunting confession of revenge and murder Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a horror story about revenge and murder that occurred half a century ago. Through the haunting confession of the narrator, Montresor, the reader is able to feel what Fortunato had endured half a century ago. In this tale of revenge and murder the dark, damp, and bone-filled catacombs provide a contrast to life during the â€Å"madness of the carnival† (553). Through the acts, thoughts, and words of the protagonists Montresor, the reader is able to feel the psychological torment that Fortunato is about to endure. The first line in the story Montresor said â€Å"The thousand of injuries of Fortunato I had borne as best I could, but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge† (553). Revenge remains a constant theme through the entire story. Montresor went to great lengths planning the revenge and murder of Fortunato. He knows that during the carnival everyone will be dressed in costume, mask, and drinking. No-one will be able to recognize them. Montresor himself put on a â€Å"mask of black silk† (554) and a â€Å"roquelaire† (554). He has also made certain that his attendants’ would not be at home, to be sure that there are no witnesses to his horrendous act. Just about everything Montresor says is ironic. He says just the opposite of what he means. He keeps inquiring about Fortunato’s health, Fortunato says that he â€Å"shall not die of a cough† (554). Montresor agrees with him, he knows what will ultimately be the death of Fortunato. Montresor deviously leads Fortunato to the vaults â€Å"down the long and winding staircase, requesting him to be cautious† (554). Montresor opens a bottle of wine and makes a toast to his friend’s â€Å"long life† (555). As For... ...rfeited† (33). Montresor has inquired about Fortunato’s health throughout their walk to the catacombs. It is too late for him to change his mind so all that is left to do is seal him in. Poe creates a horror story of a psychological revenge and murder that occurred fifty years ago. Montresor is able to recall with clarity the details of his crime. Does he feel remorse for what he has done to Fortunato? The reader would think that he does, Montresor seems to be making the haunting confession from his death bed. The last thing that Montresor says to Fortunato is â€Å"In pace requiescat† which means â€Å"In peace may he rest† (557)! This is what Montresor wants for himself, this is why he is confessing to his sins. Works Cited Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Cask of Amontillado." Reading and Writing about Literature. Phillip Sipiora. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2008.

Social Norms :: Sociology

Lately the concept of social norms, common rules of behaviors, has engaged the interest of a numerous philosophers, who are concerned with understanding the rational actors’ behavior. Kennedy and Brown addresses the concern from different aspects, they are mutually disturbed by the same social norm questions, specifically in the theory of human behavior development that is significant to the construction of legal institutions. In their endeavor to account for social norms they both argue that Human Rights pose challenges for politics. This is far from absolute, Human Rights in a way, present difficulties to politics but it is in fact social norms which pose the most critical problem for politics. At the same time social norms seem to decipher the complications of human rights; they construct a particular problem for politics because they appear to manipulate laws that govern social norms for their own personal use. Theorist challenge the thinking of these such norm compliances to explain a principle that people always act in their own self-interest, to maximize the greediness of their social power. Moreover, Human Rights in this situation are described at presents as a mutual exploited problem. Such as â€Å"institutional practice of human rights promotion propagates an unduly abstract idea about people, politics and society (Kennedy p111).† Because of these general expectations, politics can simply construct this space of lawlessness to circumvent and established social norm traditions. The avoiding of certain taboo like deploying nuclear weapons or tripping the waiters falls into this complicity that society follows. This brings up the rational choice of individualâ €™s actions. Which is why social norms would sanction governments or people for violating this paradigm of â€Å"language may well establish our legitimacy within a legal framework (Butler p25)† and the â€Å"particular vocabulary (Kennedy p111),† something we know occurs regularly in Human Rights language to be used to create this lawlessness that pose problems for politics. The eruption of criticism to politics that violation Human Rights language is rapidly eclipsed by potential threats of counsel to â€Å"problems of intellectual dishonesty (Brown p461)† which invokes norms instinctively to questions that transpires. In this context of challenging the expectations of rational political institution’s choice bring forth how social norm constrict and occasionally govern or deceive individuals. For example in the War on Terrorism and Guantanamo Bay, President Bush pushes for a preemptive strike as a legitimize sanction of Human Rights and social norms reactions for security.

Maharaja Dalip Singh :: European Europe History

Maharaja Dalip Singh Maharaja DALIP SINGH, the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who was born in Lahore, on Feb. 1837, to mother Maharani Jind Kaur. His date of birth is disputed by some and alternately suggested as Sept. 4, 1838. Many foreign journalists have wrongly named him as Dhalip Singh and Duleep Singh. However, it should be noted that his correct name is Maharaja Dalip Singh. He assumed the Punjab throne as a child, after Maharaja Sher Singh, on Sept. 18, 1843. During his reign several wars were fought with the British. Unfortunately, he was surrounded by corrupt advisors as illustrated by the following quote. "Among the Sikh barons who stood around the throne of the young Maharaja Dalip Singh, there was not one, who honestly labored for his country, or who have made the smallest sacrifice to save her." - The Punjab Chiefs by L.H. Griffin The agreement of March 9, 1846, after the first Sikh war with the British, included the following conditions: 1) There shall be peace and friendship among Maharaja Dalip Singh and the British government. 2) Lahore darbar would have to relinquish control of the region between Satluj and Bias. 3) War compensation of one and a half crore rupees to be paid by Lahore darbar. Since this amount was beyond the capabilities of Lahore Darbar at that time, Kashmir region was offered for 75 lakhs. However, Maharaja Gulab Singh stepped forward and paid this amount to buy back this region from the British. 4) Maharaja Dalip Singh's forces were restricted to 50 platoons and 12,000 horse-back soldiers. 5) No foreigner from Britain, Europe, or America could be employed in Lahore Darbar without explicit permission of the British government. 6) British government shall refrain from interference in the internal affairs of the Lahore Darbar. However, towards the end of this year, another set of arrangements were made, under which a council was established to run the Punjab affairs. This council was headed by a British Resident. Further, British forces were brought in to maintain peace in the country. Lahore darbar was charged 22 lakh annually for the maintenance and upkeep of such forces. However, this arrangement did not last for too long. As in April of 1848, a war erupted among the Sikhs and British. At the end of this war, Sikh kingdom was annexed and Maharaja Dalip Singh was sent out of Punjab to FatehGadh (Uttar Pradesh, dist.

Femininity

Images in the media today illustrate an unrealistic and even dangerous standard of ideal female beauty hat can have a powerful influence on the way women perceive themselves. The popular culture influences our ides of femininity to the extent that we hold high expectations of a women's appearance. Society is driven to judge or neglect a woman if they don't kick a certain way because they compare them to the unrealistic models seen on magazines, television, music videos, and so on. The media impacts the ideas of femininity to the extent that women are portrayed as sex objects who exist primarily to service men, or as weak individuals.To initiate, mass media is a powerful tool that is used to impact TTS audience in various ways. For instance, when I'm surfing the internet shopping for clothing in websites such as (Forever 21, Hollister, or H & M,) the models I perceive are usually extremely thin. When I look at the model info the height of the model tends to be about 5'8†³ or tall er and the waist is typically between 23 and 25. The models shown are always wearing a size extra-small or small, and they always appear very young and beautiful.They have perfect facial features and many times have colored eyes. They never display a model wearing anything bigger than a size small almost as if earring a size medium or anything bigger is unacceptable. The ideal expected body is also perceived in beauty pageants such as the Latin show â€Å"Muenster Bella Latin. † Beauty pageants like these push women to exercise a great deal and follow strict diets in order to meet the ideal weight. In one of the episodes that I watched a girl was eliminated simply because she was about two or three pounds over the expected weight.Common women are compared to these ideal models and society believes that in order for a woman to be sexy or attractive they must resemble these models. As a result, any women are disappointed with their bodies and are forced to exercise excessively, suffer anorexia or other eating disorders because they are obsessed with the idea of thinness. Not only are women disappointed with their bodies, but also fear aging and they are driven to various methods such as surgery or anti-aging creams in order to maintain a young appearance.In addition, advertising adds to the ideal image that is expected of woman. Advertising is a powerful force that surrounds us and influences us subconsciously on a daily basis. Advertisements use Photos and create artificial images of women, and women in real life attempt to measure themselves against those images. It gives women the idea that there's only one way to look good and receive the attention they want or deserve. For example, bikini or lingerie advertisements always have extremely thin woman hinting that a thicker girl would not look good wearing that.Not only does advertising promote the ideal image of a woman, but it also influences the idea that women are just sex objects, and that they are the weaker sex. In many occasions advertisements utilize sex appeal by illustrating naked omen or men who are in control over a woman. In â€Å"Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt,† Jean Kilojoules asserts that â€Å"Male violence is subtly encouraged by ads that encourage men to be forceful and dominant, and to value sexual intimacy more than emotional intimacy' (422).What Kilojoules states is that men believe sex is more significant and they forget the sentimental value. It is easier for men to identify women as an object because they justify their violent behavior, and if they perceive a woman as an object they overlook the fact that they have feelings and emotions. Moreover, music is another factor that influences ideas of femininity particularly in a negative way. The lyrics used by rappers constantly degrade women by referring to them as â€Å"pitches† and â€Å"host†.Women using their bodies and sexuality to get what they want are what make these words accepta ble. In the passage â€Å"From Fly-Girls to Pitches and Host†, Joan Morgan writes â€Å"but many of the ways in which men exploit our images and sexuality in hip-hop is done with our permission and cooperation† (459). What Morgan states, is that females will be willing to expose their dies in a music video or allow rappers to degrade them simply to make money or get attention. There are countless songs that degrade women such as the song â€Å"Pitches anti chit but hoes and tricks. The name of the song is a phrase that is repeated multiple times throughout the song as if once were not enough. Tag, the artist of this song sings, â€Å"Got this bitchy named Tar, she let me buck her in the car, / Like Kim Sardinian she wane be star. † These lyrics suggest that women are good for sex, and deserve no respect. The worse part of the particular songs is that women listen to them or dance to hem at clubs because they enjoy the beat of the songs, but they are not conscio us of the demeaning lyrics.If women themselves listen to these songs it gives society the idea that they can refer to women in such a way. Due to the fact, because women are degraded in this manner, men believe that women are only good for sex and they fail to love them. Yet some readers may challenge my view by saying that popular culture has a minor influence on society's ideas of femininity. It's not so much the media but typical gender stereotypes that impact our ideas of femininity. Gender stereotyping begins t a young age, and little girls believe only girls should wear pink or only girls should play with Barbie's.Many hold stereotypes that women should look a certain way in order to be identified as a woman. People hold stereotypes that women must be classy, and not trashy. Indeed, stereotyping plays a significant role, but as we grow older it's not so much about the gender stereotypes but rather about what surrounds us on a daily basis that influences our ideas. Once you get older individuals can decide to ignore or put their gender stereotypes aside, but popular culture is something that Anton be ignored by any means.Popular culture is everywhere go, and without a doubt it's the primary factor that impacts our ideas. Furthermore, there are various steps that the popular culture can take in order to improve the perceptions of women. For instance, beauty pageants should have models that are more like the average woman who are not extremely thin. Beau' pageants should choose contestants based on their talents rather than their appearance. Advertisements should be appropriate, and not objectify women because they are human beings. They should eliminate advertisements where women are practically naked.In addition, they should not Photos the image of women in advertisements, but rather display the true image of the model. Women need to speak out about how degrading it is to be insulted in music by rappers, and the songs should be banned from the radio. Wome n should not agree to be degraded simply because they want to be in the music video of some popular rapper. Females must stand up for themselves in order to be treated with respect. In conclusion, even if We tried to ignore it the popular culture constantly influences our ideas of femininity.If the media was not so powerful society would have more realistic perceptions of femininity. Women should be valued for who they truly are because there's so much more to femininity then just a physical appearance or sex objectification. Females are sensitive individuals who have feelings and emotions, and deserve to be respected. A woman should not be judged if she does not look a certain way because nobody is perfect, and we all have flaws. Females are not Barbie dolls with a perfect little waist or the ideal face, they are real life individuals.

Christmas Carol Text Repsonse Essay

In A Christmas warble, ogre delivers strong criticisms of the connection in which he lives. DiscussA Christmas Carol written by one of the most(prenominal) influential social reform novelists of the 19th century, Charles ogre, delivers very harsh criticisms of Victorian London. demon presents these criticisms through the behaviour of the novelettes protagonist, Ebenezer tyke. His character displays everything that Dickens perceives as world wrong in Victorian society. His intercession of the myopic and destitute, the treatment of his employee Bob Crachit and the faint kinds he keeps with family ar all confirming criticisms by the renowned author, Dickens.The poor in Victorian London were left in very poor living conditions, and were basically ignored by the upper year. on that point was a huge segregation amongst the lower class and upper class. Dickens implies that those with excessive wealth and power had a responsibility to take c are of those less(prenominal) f ortunate than themselves. This idea is explored between the kind of grouch and his clerk, Bob Crachit. Scrooge is on the whole ignorant of his responsibilities and duties to Crachit. When asked what donations Scrooge would like to break out to the poor, he simply states Nothing. This shows that Scrooge (and the upper class society) simply create no compassion or circumstance for the poor living below them.The children ignorance and indigence are an addition by ogre to send a simple message, to care out those in want, and beware of ignorance in oneself and others. The main protagonist of the story, Ebenezer Scrooge embodies the whisk qualities of Victorian society. Obsessed with accumulating wealth and with no concern for his beleaguered employee, Scrooge is an allegorical image of the forces of capitalism driving the industrial rescue at the time.The treatment of loved ones and relationships are key in A Christmas Carol. The main relationship emphasized by Dickens is th e relationship between Scrooge and his nephew, Fred. Scrooge does not even slightly economic value hisrelationship with Fred. He refuses any warmth or invitations given by Fred, shows no interest in Freds intent and does not show any regret towards these actions. This is also a criticism by Dickens. He is implying that the excessive and overbearing indispensability for wealth and power ruin the relationships dual-lane between people. In Scrooge, this is not altogether shown through his lack of a relationship with Fred, but also with his relationship with Belle, and in the long run its downfall.The festive and face value of A Christmas Carol provides an entertaining and light-hearted story for readers. However, to a lower place this heart-warming transformation of a character thither are strong criticisms of Victorian society delivered by Dickens. He criticizes the way that the poor are left to fend for themselves in terrible conditions, the way the poor are treated by the up per class tear of society, and through the use of clear value placed relationships with family and friends during the time. Dickens novella was intended to point out the flaws in the society in which he lived and nark its readers aware and cautious of these confining fatal traits.

Goa Tourism

A project on GOA tourism 2013 Divyanshu Sharan BBM(IB) div C 192 3/18/2013 introduction : goa Goa, a tiny emerald land on the west coast of India, the 25th State in the Union of States of India, was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961. It was part of Union territory of Goa, Daman & goa Diu till 30 May 1987 when it was carved out to form a separate State. Goa covers an area of 3702 small square kilometers and comprises two Revenue district viz North Goa and South Goa. Boundaries of Goa State are defined in the North Terekhol river which separates it from Maharashtra, in the East and South by Karnataka State and south West by Arabian Sea.It is known for its nightlife and beach parties.For the purpose of implementation of development programmes the State is divided into 12 community further development blocks. As per 2001 census, the population of the State is 13,42,998. Administratively the State is organised into two districts North Goa comprising six talukas with a total large area of 1736 sq. kms.Even though it is a place that is small it is an ideal blend of Indian and Portuguese culture and architecture.

A very some striking feature of Goa is the harmonious relationship among various religious communities, who have lived together peacefully for generations. Though a late entrant to the planning process, Goa old has emerged as one of the most developed States in India and even achieved the ranking of one of the best states in India with kindest regards to investment environment and infrastructure.Goa is Indias smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located in West India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast.Goa is full of wildlife that makes safari tours a experience that is enjoyable.Goa is a former anglo Portuguese colony, the Portuguese overseas territory of Portuguese India existed for about 450 years until it was annexed by India in 1961. Renowned for its beaches, places of worship and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year.It also what has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot. Geography Goa encompasses an large area of 3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi).A.

Goas main rivers are Mandovi, Zuari, Terekhol, Chapora and the Sal. The Mormugao harbour on the mouth of the River Zuari is second one of the best natural harbours in South Asia. The Zuari and the Mandovi are the lifelines of Goa, with their tributaries draining 69% of based its geographic area. These rivers are some of the busiest rivers in India.Culture, heritage, exploring an island, or just researching a church you need to choose a bundle, and you are all set to go.Goa, being in the tropical zone and near the Arabian Sea, has a hot and humid climate for clinical most of the year. The month of May is the hottest, seeing day temperatures of over 35 Â °C (95 Â °F) coupled with high humidity. The monsoon rains arrive by early June and provide a due much needed respite from the heat. Most of Goas annual rainfall is received through the monsoons which last till late September.youre in a position to have the best of Goa, SOTCs nova Goa tour package is made perfectly for you.

This was the first time in 29 years that Goa had seen rain during March. Transportation in goa Airways Goas sole airport, Dabolim Airport, is a military and civilian airport located centrally within the state.The airport caters to female domestic and international airlines. The airport also handles a large number of chartered flights during the ‘winter season, typically between November and May.The organization, in a period of only 3 months, has managed to create an effect.Roadways Goas public transport largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Government-run buses, maintained by the Kadamba Transport Corporation, link major routes (like the Panjim–Margao route) and some remote parts of the state.In large towns such as Panjim and Margao, intra-city buses operate. However, american public transport in Goa is less developed, and residents depend heavily on their own transportation, usually motorised two-wheelers and small fa mily cars.Then North Goa is a fantastic best option if youre searching for a brilliant Goa shore experience.

The new NH-566 (ex NH-17B) is a four-lane highway connecting Mormugao Port to NH-66 at Verna via Dabolim Airport, primarily built to ease pressure on the NH-366 for traffic to Dabolim Airport and Vasco da Gama. NH-768 (ex NH-4A) links Panjim wired and Ponda to Belgaum and NH-4. Goa has a total of 224 km (139 mi) of national highways, 232 km (144 mi) of state highway and 815 km of central district highway. Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis and, in urban areas, auto rickshaws.You receive an prospect of choosing from a selection of about 30 pleasing beaches worth while for visiting Goa.Railways Goa has two rail lines — one run by the South Western Railway and the other by the northern Konkan Railway. The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking the port town of Vasco da Gama, Goa keyword with Belgaum, Hubli, Karnataka via Margao.The Konkan Railway line, which was built during the 1990s, runs parallel to the coast connect ing major cities on the western coast. Seaways The Mormugao harbour near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore, petroleum, coal, and international containers.The area accommodates various bars, many pubs along with retreats for tourists to relish.

Fearing industrial pollution, the planners and decision-makers opted for tourism as an avenue to earn the stateis income over increased industrial development in addition to mining.Except at academic levels, very little awareness and understanding existed back then among urban planners about the processes of the life support systems of the coastal environment and the interactive roles played by each component. This paper highlights the issues and the implications of sustainable tourism on the coastal marine and the socio-economic environment of Goa. Most of the tourism in Goa is concentrated in the coastal stretches of Bardez, Salcete, Tiswadi and Marmagao.The time to go to Goa is also specified.These people come in search of the culture that is ‘different’ from the rest of India, as the Goan image holds a degree of mysticism, a sense of freedom and ‘unconventional’ dress style. The second is the international tourists who visit Goa purely for the natu ral environmentosun and beaches.Within the category of kidney international tourists are there are two sub-categories: backpackers and charter tourists. Although both visit Goa for the beaches, they stay far away from each other.Goan food is known for its distinct flavors.

The timings of visits are clearly different for the domestic and the international tourists. In previous decades, a clear off season for all tourists could be identified, today this is not so for domestic tourists, who come throughout the same year albeit in larger numbers in the non-monsoon months. Conversely, international tourists avoid the monsoon months, as for them the use of the beach is the prime attraction to come to Goa Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland. In 2010, there were more than two million tourists reported to have visited Goa, about 1.The music and food is going to keep you amused through the evening.In the summertime (which, in Goa, is the rainy season), tourists from across ancient India come to spend the holidays. With the rule of the Portuguese for over 450 years and the consequential influence of Portuguese culture, Goa presents a somewhat different picture to the foreign visitor than other par ts of the country.The state of Goa is famous for its excellent beaches, churches, and temples. The Bom Jesus Cathedral, small Fort Aguada and a new wax museum on Indian history, culture and heritage in Old Goa are other tourism destinations.Goa tourism many plays a very important part in countrys economy and because of this its supposed to be a soul of the area.

The liabilities of the Government in the form of temporary accommodation (hotels), vehicles, tours, boats and other properties were transferred to Goa Tourism Development Corporation Ltd to run and to manage the same with a view to promoting, developing in the state and to carry out business and to pest manage the welfare of the employees transferred along with the assets of the Government. Goa Tourism Development Corporation.Ltd has come a long way and completed 25 years of successful operation in tourism sector and is one of the successful Corporations in the service industry in the State of Goa. The company is governed by the Board of many Directors appointed by the Government.Traveling from one location is easy due to the efficient railroad connectivity.R. K. Verma, IAS as Principal Secretary (Tourism). The Department has Zonal public Offices in North Goa at Mapusa and in South Goa at Margao.Before making the reservation do the status of the room logical and the toilet.

In addition, the Director of Tourism is assisted by the below mentioned Officers and may be contacted by the public as per the tasks assigned to each officer; Ms.Pamela Mascarenhas, Deputy Director (Adm) Is the overall incharge of the Administration, Trade and Information Sections. Shri. Hanumant K.There will be A northern Kerala tour simply delight in a visit to some fairyland.Shri. Govind R. Prabhu Gaonkar, Asstt. Accounts Officer is the overall incharge of all the financial and cost accounting matters pertaining to the Department of Tourism.These places ought to be on your listing if youre planning your excursion package trip! The many excursions are appropriate for beginners to experts.

Kale, Asstt. Director (Information) Shri. Ramesh L. Morajkar, Assistant Tourist Officer (Revenue) Shri.A visit to Goa has many fascinating facets.Narendra K. Shirodkar, Assistant Tourist Officer of Mapusa Zonal Branch Office. Smt. Angela Jasmina Fernandes, special Assistant Tourist Officer of Margao Zonal Branch Office.Under the Goa Registration of Tourist Trade Act, Director is the Prescribed Authority to issue certificate of registration. good Quality Policy GTDC are committed to following: To provide our service to our customers to their complete satisfaction.To give value good for money spent by our guest. To optimally utilize available infrastructure and human resources.

Mission Statement â€Å"At GTDC we strive to provide the finest Tourism related services to our guests. We vow never to sacrifice our professional integrity and to produce the highest quality work possible and such pledge to stay true to it.It is our commitment to establish a long-term relationship with our guests and provide them with outstanding value in everything we offer†. Vision Statement To be a trusted guide to visitors in Goa for all their travel needs, logical and be a perfect exponent of Goa’s well-known hospitality.Goan culture The tableau of Goa showcases religious harmony by focusing on the Deepastambha, the Cross, Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. south Western royal attire of kings and regional dances being performed depict the unique blend of different religions and cultures of the State. The festival of music and dance, Shigmo Mel or the Holi and Spring celebrations, signify unity in diversity. Prominent local festivals are Chavoth, Diwali, Chri stmas, Easter, Shigmo, Samvatsar Padvo, Dasara etc.Goa is also known as the origin of Goa trance. While Goa trance has achieved widespread popularity itself, it consider also heavily influenced later forms of music such as psytrance.Food Rice with fish curry (Xit kodi in Konkani) is the staple diet in Goa. Goan international cuisine is famous for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes.Khatkhate contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and special average Goan spices that add to the aroma. Sannas, Hitt are variants of idli and Polle,Amboli,Kailoleo are variants of dosa;are native to Goa. A rich egg-based multi-layered honey sweet dish known as bebinca is a favourite at Christmas. The most popular alcoholic beverage in Goa is feni; Cashew feni is made from the fermentation of the ripe fruit of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the sap of toddy palms.

Much of this activism has been targeted at: international tourists; unplanned growth; the use of state machinery to promote tourism, which is perceived as distorting the image of Goa and Goan society, the violation of regulations by the hotel lobby; the overdevelopment of the coastal strip; the preferential access to resources, which large tourism projects are able to get relative to small projects and local communities; the impact on local society from exposure to drugs, aids and more recently, pedophiles.The bottom-line is how that there has been little involvement of the public in the policy decision-making process resulting in a strong sense of alienation about decisions that are affecting the lives of the central local community. Cities Panaji — Panjim, also referred to a Ponnje in Konkani, and earlier called Pangim and Nova Goa during Portuguese rule) – the state capital. Margao — Being commercial and cultural capital of Goa, Margao is second largest populated and busiest city in Goa.Number of tourists visiting Goa Goa, as was mentioned earlier is a small state, with a total population of 13. 48 lakhs as per the 2001 census.Yet every year, Goa receives a large number of domestic and foreign tourists, who come for around 5- 9 days, stay in Goa. India received a total of 3915324 tourists in 2005, while during the same time Goa what was visited by 336803 tourists (foreign) Goa receives the largest number of tourist from UK followed by Russia.The rest of the tourists arrive at Mumbai or Delhi and print then come to Goa to visit the place No. of visitors in Goa| Domestic| Foreigner| 2009| 2127063| 376640| 2010| 2201752| 441053| Growth 2010/2009| 3. 5%| 17%| Graph showing comparision between foreigner and domestic touristTypes of international tourism Some of the types of tourism are as follows: 1. Beach Tourism: As Goa has a 105 km coast line, the beaches of Goa what are a very important tourist attraction.(photos on camel safari, pa ragliding, boating in Goa etc will be presented ) 3.Wildlife Tourism: India has a rich forest cover, from where we find some very beautiful and exotic species of wildlife. Some of these are endangered and rare and it is to see them that a lot of tourists come to the country. Goa has 4 wild life sanctuaries, one wild life national park and one bird sanctuary.

Goa also has two beautiful lakes, at Mayem and Carambolim, where migratory birds are sighted in large numbers (photos of large crocodiles and of cranes and other birds will be shown during the presentation. Photographs of the wild life sanctuaries in Goa will also be shown) 4. Medical Tourism: Medical tourism is a recent phenomenon in Goa. Many world class medical hospitals like Apollo and Vivus have been started in Goa, which provide world class facilities at a fraction of the corresponding cost abroad.Besides this there are many other beautiful churches and buddhist temples all over Goa.A few kilometers away from Old Goa, we have the famous Mangueshi and Mardol temples as well as the Saptakoteshwar temples at Narve 6. Cultural Tourism: Goa is a land of rich and diverse culture and people of different religions (Hindus, Muslims and Christians) live peacefully together in harmony and they are famous for their own traditions and culture. Goa is famous for the Carnival and the IF FI.Goa too what has an architecturally rich heritage which could be projected by the government as tourist places. Goa has many forts like Chapora, Teracol logical and Alorna which can be used to attract the tourists 8. Yoga Tourism: Goa is a land of peace and tranquility. Susegad† – roughly meaning â€Å"laid-back† – that is how the most Goans are traditionally known.Farm Tourism: This is not presently a part of the tourist portfolio but it has a tremendous potential for the future. Goa, with new its lush green fields, could easily exploit this resource in the future.Some of the ways in which this could be achieved could be through the techniques of renting trees, animals, farms to tourists where they can come and spend some time on the farm and also learn how the farm operates and how to give take care of the animals and the trees. 10.

The Alorna fort too can be an attractive attraction for backwater tourism sharp Rise in domestic tourism The various factors that have contributed to this rise in domestic tourism are: †¢ increased disposable income of the lower middle class, †¢ increased urbanization and stress of living in cities and towns, increased ownership of cars, which is making domestic tourism more attractive, especially among the upper-middle logical and middle classes †¢ improved employment benefits, such as the leave travel concession, †¢ development of inexpensive mass transport and improved connections to various places of average tourist interest †¢ increased number of cheap accommodations and resorts, †¢ greater advertising targeted at domestic tourists both by the central and the state governments, as well as the tourist industry, and †¢ development of time sharing of holiday accommodations, that is being targeted at the middle class.Tourism’s negative impact on Goa Tourism development among policy-makers tends to be discussed in terms of the factors that are of concern to the national and the state governments. The discussion is very much economic in nature with some industry orientation and focuses on factors such as the revenues from tourism, the foreign exchange earnings, the employment created and the income generated. The focus has always been on the implications of tourism development on the economy of Goa and on the relations among the various components of its tourism industry.Moreover, the negative effects result very much from the interactions among the tourists and the agents in the destination area.Environmental impact of tourism Positive impact 1. Financial contributions. (one of the largest frequent contributor to the exchequer) 2.Alternate employment. Negative impact Negative impact of tourism occurs when the level of visitors’ use is greater than the environmental ability to cope with the such situation wi thin the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled tourism poses potential threats to the natural areas including 1.Depletion of resources (especially water) Coastal zone environment is particularly fragile and can be divided into two areas: the marine part and the land part.They have been represented in a flowchart in the Annex. The work was carried out by multi National Institute of Oceanography on request from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, in August/September, 1996 . Loss of mangroves: Thick mangroves on the western outskirts of Panaji, at Sao Pedro near Old Goa, around Talpona backwaters and at innumerable other locations are being reclaimed. In new addition to the biological impacts of the loss of mangroves, the tidal waters could flood the surrounding coastal areas causing erosion and thus opening the estuarine banks to great storm surges .

2 thousand tones. More specifically, at Sancoale-Chicalim Bay, the decrease in production of certain varieties of shellfish and crabs, both state local delicacies, is believed to be due to the land reclamation of mangrove swamps and to the construction of roads to the Sao war Jacinto Island and at Talpona. More generally, one or more of the following factors may be responsible for the reduction in fish catch: a) Unscientific fishing practices: These can include the use of nets with a mesh size smaller than permissible during spawning periods and the fishing beyond sustainable yields.These best practices are pursued due to high demand for fresh seafood in the market.Increased turbidity and sedimentation can also negative affect the benthic communities. †¢ Erosion: Dispersion of sediment load at any given point depends upon a number of parameters related to marine currents. Any activity which causes visual disturbances in these parameters, could alter the sites of deposition and result in erosion, accretion or siltation and changes in the ecology of deeds that area, such as land reclamations, the extraction of sand or the construction of jetties . Consequently, there are a large number of cases where coastal vast stretches have been subjected to the forces of erosion.Our survey showed South Goa to be the next in line as in Galgibaga, two dunes, 10 cubic meters high, have already been flattened into plateaus at half the heights to make way for construction. 3. Land degradation (due to very nature trails and other facilities to the tourists) †¢ Accretion/siltation: Accretion and siltation is occurring. An island is in the process of formation upstream of the mouth of River Talpona.Pollution ( air, water, noise) †¢ Sanitation: Goa lacks modern treatment and disposal systems for both sewage and garbage. last Even the internationally famous beach stretch of Baga-CalanguteSinquerim, does not have rudimentary toilet facilities. Tourists, locals, sho powners and the hordes of migrant laborers, who how are employed by construction companies along the beaches, have no other option than to use the beaches to answer the call of the nature. Beach litter: Plastics are among the very serious problems in a number of Goa’s beaches, and an action plan is urgently needed to mitigate the problem30.

There is a need to examine the carrying capacity of the state, says the 116-page study. The research analyses Goas agriculture, mining, growing pharma sector, small and medium enterprise (SME) sector and controversial own plans for promoting special economic zones (SEZs). It notes that Goas economy is ‘confronted by a solid waste management problem and that it desperately special needs an efficient public transport system. ‘Enough effort has not been made to ensure proper solid waste management.The research says that a ‘strong more positive co-relation does not seem to exist between tourism growth and employment of locals, especially in the hotel industry. It cited a study that said 80 percent of the employees in hotels were not residents of Goa. ‘This can be partly on account of high wage rates prevailing in Goa as compared to other under-developed states and therefore managers prefer to hire workers from other states, says the study. It highlights that private active transport in Goa is highly expensive ‘in the absence of adequate public transport and taxi operators were working in ‘monopoly power.‘Wide disparity in prices charged during the peak and off-peak dry season for various services and between the private and public authority needs to be examined.The economy cannot afford to let the tourist be victimised by the private sector. ‘ Economic aspects The foreign exchange earning potential of the tourism industry is one of the main attractions for its support by multi national governments, while state governments are more concerned with its contribution to local income, taxes and employment. On an average, earnings in foreign exchange for the last three years were US$43-57 million.Moreover, in 1992, about 90 percent of the domestic tourists who came to Goa spent less than US$35 per capita per day. Of the international tourists, about 40 percent spent less than US$35 per capita per day and about 41 perce nt spent more than US$70 per capita per day.As mentioned earlier, however, this trend is changing today . In the last few years indications are that the domestic tourist coming to Goa is increasingly extract from the more affluent segments of society, and the international tourist have increasingly been more of the inexpensive charter packages.

70| Internal Transport| 13. 63| 10. 40| Entertainment| 2. 61| 1.Economic forces how are driving social forces here.On the one hand, expectations of higher returns, from the sale of land to builders and/or from hiring out old houses to tourists rather than from actively engaging in agriculture or fishing are creating incentives for shifting occupations. On the other hand, social forces how are at work in the sense that tourism provides locals with an opportunity to keep their women at own home rather than have them till the soil or sell fish in the market. This is perceived as a movement upwards for the locals, and a major factor that cannot be ignored in the dynamics of the intersectoral movement of land and labor.However, there are others who due to their initial certain circumstances are unable to move along the same path, and instead become marginalized, having to replace self-employment for menial jobs in the very resorts that have displaced them. The issue of income distri bution needs to be examined.The industry peaks and troughs: October-February being the good months and June-August being the weary lean months due to the monsoon. This seasonality requires the tourism industry to respond by adjusting the output in terms of the services it provides which affects hotels, restaurants and their employees.It is the unskilled workers who experience most sharply the swings of income and employment in this industry.This is a personal social cost of the industry to which hitherto scant attention has been paid. Impact of falling value of Rupee on tourism. Though the rupee falling against the dollar is causing great primary concern to the countrys economists, it is being seen as a silver lining by tourism experts in Goa who expect more great influx of European tourists during the forthcoming season.

Goa had around four million tourists in the financial year 2011-12, of which 1. 69 lakh arrived in 910 chartered flights.In 2010-11, 1. 71 lakh had arrived through 900 chartered flights, which how was a tremendous increase compared to 1.Eco-tourismEcotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be low significant impact and (often) small scale. It purports to educate the traveler ; provide funds for ecological conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Ecotourism is held as important by those who participate in it so that future generations may experience aspects of the environment relatively untouched by human intervention.Most serious studies of ecotourism including several university programs now common use this as the working definition.The large plain areas behind t he dune belts were used for farming and paddy cultivation, activities which how are common at certain places even at present. Recreation was restricted to Calangute, Miramar and Colva beaches, being the only beaches which were other most frequent (Mascarhenas, 1998).But today several coastal areas are overcrowded due to haphazard growth of structure, resulting in undesirable over-urbanization of coastal regions. Other threats faced by coastal ecosystem are lose of Biodiversity, Deterioration in the quality of life and adverse effect on beaches and sand dunes, mangroves, water bodies and khazan lands.Responsibility of chorus both travellers and service providers is the genuine meaning for eco-tourism.Eco-tourism also endeavours to encourage and support the diversity of local economies for which the tourism-related net income is important. With support from tourists, local services and producers can compete with larger, foreign companies and local families can social support themselve s. Besides all these, the revenue produced from tourism helps and encourages governments to fund conservation projects and training programs.

Responsible Eco-tourism includes educational programs that minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on the natural environment, and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition to evaluating environmental and cultural factors, initiatives by hospitality providers to promote recycling, energy efficiency, water reuse, and the creation of economic opportunities for local communities are an definite integral part of Eco-tourism. Historical, biological and cultural conservation, preservation, sustainable development etc. are some of the fields closely related to Eco-Tourism.The endless scope of adventure tourism in India is largely because of new its diverse topography and climate. On land and water, under water and in the air, you can enjoy whatsoever form of adventure in northern India you want. It is one opportunity for you to leave all inhibitions behind and just let yourself go. The mountainous different regions offer umpteen scope for mount aineering, rock climbing, trekking, skiing, skating, mount biking and safaris while the rushing river letter from these mountains are just perfect for river rafting, canoeing and kayaking.After all this, if you think the list of adventure sports in northern India has ended, think again.There is still much left in form of paragliding, hand gliding, hot air ballooning, etc. Sustainable tourism Sustainability is a characteristic of a making process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely. Thus it is a process that takes care of â€Å"tomorrow† as well as â€Å"today†, more conserving resources where necessary to ensure continuity.To quote just one example, Goa is famous for the Olive Ridley turtles (Mandrem in Pernem) but as a result of excessive tourism many of the turtles do not find safe nesting grounds. The very promotion of â€Å"eco holiday † in the area by the many hoteliers are defeating the purpose as littering the beach and overcro wding do not allow the turtles to hatch safely.Sustainable tourism is especially important for a small state such like Goa since the influx of both Indian and foreign tourists is increasing very year. Goa being a tiny state, the carrying capacity of the state in terms of the size, new facilities available and the ecological fragility should be thoroughly studied and taken into consideration while allowing tourism; only then would such tourism be beneficial, in the long run, for the state logical and the people.