BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING - Essay Example From the case study it was evident that company alpha engaged in seven business model innovations in which only 4 were successful. Amongst the remaining three, the company either succeeded or failed in their operations. From the case study it was evident that only the innovations which involved exploitation of existing technology and the development and exploitation of technology based products encouraged the success. The company’s failure was attributed to lack of desired quality and standards and that the market was small for the company’s turnover. On the other hand company beta only managed 3 business innovations two of which were successful while the other one failed. Success to the business model was due to acquisition and exploitation of new technology. However, the failure was due to a new product entrant into the market which faced severe completion that squeezed it out. To innovate in business model means that a company must be able to engage in mergers and acquisitions which reduces the company’s competitiveness? In addition to this, innovations in business model also require that companies are able to acquire or embrace new technology that exists within the business environment. From the research conducted between company alpha and beta it is evident that success only came when the companies involved in business models which involved acquisition of new technology and development. For example, company alpha engaged in seven business model innovations in which only 4 were successful. Only the innovations which involved exploitation of existing technology and the development and exploitation of technology based products encouraged the success. The case was similar to company beta which involved in only 3 business innovations and only two succeeded. Innovation is a rigorous process that involves companies to

A Summary of Quines Problems with Carnaps Philosophy Essay Example for Free

A Summary of Quines Problems with Carnaps Philosophy Essay In his Two Dogmas of Empiricism, Quine addresses what he views as problematic claims made by Carnap. The first problem Quine has with Carnaps epistemology is about his definition of state-descriptions. The problem is in two parts: first Quine says that Carnaps version of analyticity is conditional, because it requires atomic sentences in a language to be mutually independent. The second part of the problem is that, Carnaps attempt to explore analyticity by way of his state-descriptions results in a problematic definition of analyticity, which ends up being more indicative of logical truth. In conclusion, Quine presents a solution to his problems with Carnap positing that the boundary between synthetic and analytic is imagined. In his attempt to define analyticity Quine encounters a problematic attempt at defining the term, by Carnap. Carnap has tended to explain analyticity by appeal to what he calls state-descriptions(195). Carnaps state-descriptions are problematic for two reasons; one reason is that a statement is explained as analytic when it comes out true under every state description(195), this necessitates every atomic sentence to be mutually independent- meaning that two statements that mean the same thing are supposed to exist as two completely separate meanings. However, as Quine points out this would mean there would be a state-description which assigned truth to John is a bachelor and falsity to John is married, and consequently All bachelors are married would turn out synthetic rather than analytic under the proposed criterion(195). This truth gives rise to the second problem of Carnaps state-descriptions, that analyticity as it refers to state-descriptions only works for languages that do not contain synonymous words such as bachelor and unmarried. So, Quine submits that Carnaps state-descriptions are indicative of logical truth, not of analyticity. To generalize, these problems that Quine has with Carnaps philosophical system equate to a single point of disagreement, that there is an absolute distinction between analytic and synthetic. Quine points to our pragmatic inclinations to adjust one strand of the fabric of science rather an another in accommodating some particular recalcitrant experience(207). Quine believes that Carnaps drawing a distinction between analytic and synthetic points to our quest for simplicity in science, possibly deriving from a deconstructionist belief that everything can be equated to simplified smaller elements that make up a whole. Quine challenges Carnaps methodology as well as his philosophical system. To conclude, Quine notes that he understands the philosophical approach attempted by philosophers like Lewis, and Carnap, but does not think that it is a beneficial one. Total science, mathematical and natural and human, is similarly but more extremely underdetermined by experience. The edge of the system must be kept squared with experience(207). Carnaps constructed language is a scientific one, and since science is based on our experience, when Carnap attempts to encompass our world using his language with strict rules, he does an injustice to sciences close relationship to experience, making his language based on the rules of arithmetic instead. Finally, Quine points to Carnaps employment of pragmatism as one that comes up short, and does not justify the strict division between synthetic and analytic. Their pragmatism leaves off at the imagined boundary between the analytic and the synthetic. In repudiating such a boundary I espouse a more thorough pragmatism(207). Quine feels that the division between synthetic and analytic has been too hastily assumed, and that a more thorough approach to the relationship would be helpful. He believes that the boundary between analytic and synthetic is too harshly drawn, and that the difference is only in degrees. He asks Carnap to suppress his foundations in our traditional scientific method and suggests that sometimes it is not always pragmatism that shapes our perception.

Moral Hazard in Banking Essay -- essays papers

Moral Hazard in Banking Moral hazard is an asymmetric information problem that occurs after a transaction. In essence, a lender runs the risk that a borrower will engage in activities that are undesirable from the lender's point of view, making it less likely that the loan will be paid back. Gary H. Stern's article, "Managing Moral Hazard with Market Signals: How Regulation Should Change with Banking", addresses the moral hazard problem inherent to the financial safety net provided by the government protection of depositors. Interest rates do not reflect the risk associated with bank activity, which in turn causes banks to finance higher-risk projects with price tags that are not parallel to the risk level. A solution to the moral hazard problem lies within government supervision and regulation. In the article, Stern challenges the assertion that proposals that rely exclusively on government regulation will satisfy the problem of moral hazard, especially for TBTFs (Too Big to Fail banks). Stern states several factors to support such assertions:  The ability of regulators to contain moral hazard directly is limited, due to the exploitable tactics of regulatory reform.  Limited confidence that regulation and supervision will lead to bank closures before institutions become insolvent.  The limited ability of regulators to asses bank risk due to asymmetric information and reliance of internal bank models that may be inaccurate. &...

Property :: essays research papers

The Koran describes a prejudice attitude toward women. The women are regarded as chattel and reduced to the status of domestic animals. Women are treated like slaves owing servitude to their husbands. They are regarded as property and can be replaced on a whim. A man can choose to dismiss his wife if she does not please him. However, a woman does not have the same option. Once a woman has married, she has been ‘touched’ and will not be desired by another. Women do not have any rights and must conform to the marriage contract. The punishment women receive for committing crimes are harsher than that of their male counterparts. If a woman commits adultery, she will be confined to the house until she dies. If a man commits the same act, he must repent and will be forgiven by God. In Christianity, God teaches that adultery is an equal sin for both men and women. It does not matter whether a man or women commits adultery since they both can repent and will be forgiven. A man is also allowed to take several wives. The bible plainly states that practice constitutes adultery! Does this mean that he commits adultery with his other wives, yet he only has to repent to be forgiven? Having more than one   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wife is a sin in itself. The Koran says the ultimate goal of a man is to live with one wife. But, it is optional for him to take as many as four. He must be able to keep and maintain equality among them. The Koran instructs the man to find a woman who is a believer when he chooses a wife. A man can take a slave-girl who is a believer if he cannot afford to marry a woman who is not a believer. A slave-girl’s punishment is only half the penalty inflicted on a free adulteress if she commits adultery. The woman being regarded as property makes her part of her husband’s estate. The husband can will her to his brother upon his death. This occurs so that his wife and children will have a support system. This is the only way the woman will be able survive. Since she is part of the estate, she has no authority regarding the dividing of the moneys. She will only receive one-fourth of his estate regardless of whether or not they have children. Property :: essays research papers The Koran describes a prejudice attitude toward women. The women are regarded as chattel and reduced to the status of domestic animals. Women are treated like slaves owing servitude to their husbands. They are regarded as property and can be replaced on a whim. A man can choose to dismiss his wife if she does not please him. However, a woman does not have the same option. Once a woman has married, she has been ‘touched’ and will not be desired by another. Women do not have any rights and must conform to the marriage contract. The punishment women receive for committing crimes are harsher than that of their male counterparts. If a woman commits adultery, she will be confined to the house until she dies. If a man commits the same act, he must repent and will be forgiven by God. In Christianity, God teaches that adultery is an equal sin for both men and women. It does not matter whether a man or women commits adultery since they both can repent and will be forgiven. A man is also allowed to take several wives. The bible plainly states that practice constitutes adultery! Does this mean that he commits adultery with his other wives, yet he only has to repent to be forgiven? Having more than one   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wife is a sin in itself. The Koran says the ultimate goal of a man is to live with one wife. But, it is optional for him to take as many as four. He must be able to keep and maintain equality among them. The Koran instructs the man to find a woman who is a believer when he chooses a wife. A man can take a slave-girl who is a believer if he cannot afford to marry a woman who is not a believer. A slave-girl’s punishment is only half the penalty inflicted on a free adulteress if she commits adultery. The woman being regarded as property makes her part of her husband’s estate. The husband can will her to his brother upon his death. This occurs so that his wife and children will have a support system. This is the only way the woman will be able survive. Since she is part of the estate, she has no authority regarding the dividing of the moneys. She will only receive one-fourth of his estate regardless of whether or not they have children.

Philosophy Final Essay

Throughout the semester, our class has read a great variety of pieces of literature. With each reading, came a flurry of thoughts and discussions. These questions are what help us to become better philosophers. Someone who is on a quest to become a good philosopher must always think critically about all arguments and follow a logical conclusion to wherever it may lead. With Oedipus and â€Å"Forgiven†, I was able to dig deep into the meanings of the readings and come up with philosophical ideas for both. Another quality a philosopher must possess is the ability to compare and contrast different works of art. Using more class readings such as Socrates’ Apology, I found similarities and differences that explained my thoughts. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus kills his father and marries his mother. He also must determine who the murderer of King Laius is. Ultimately, his decisions in the play cause him to find out that it was him who killed Laius. Oedipus clearly believed that was he was doing at the time, was good. Although in the end, he most likely regrets his decisions. From his point of view, Oedipus would most likely think that his move from Corinth to Thebes was a bad decision. When he heard the news that he was going to kill his father and marry his mother, Oedipus moved far away from his home, Corinth. This is something that he probably regrets because remaining in Corinth would have prevented him from meeting King Laius in the road and killing him. Another bad decision from Oedipus’ point of view would be that he didn’t listen to anyone close to him. Oedipus demonstrates three tragic flaws, intolerance, stubbornness, and a short temper, each of which lead into his downfall. For instance, Oedipus’ stubbornness’ is unmistakably shown when he demands on finding the murderer of Laius and proving that the prophecy hasn’t come true. However, Jocasta, Oedipus’ queen and mother already is aware of the fact that all of this chaos is true and chooses to hide the truth. â€Å"That man, why ask? Old shepherds, talk, empty nonsense, don’t give it another thought; don’t even think† Oedipus replies with, â€Å"What- give up now, with a clue like this? Fail to solve the mystery of my birth? Not for all the world! †(Oedipus). Oedipus made these decisions because he thought he was saving his parents by moving away. He obviously did not want to marry his mother and kill his father, so he figured by leaving Corinth he would avoid the prophecy becoming true. Oedipus is a very stubborn man and he won’t stop until he gets the answers. In this case, he wants to figure out who murdered Laius. The reasoning behind Oedipus’ bad decision to not listen to anyone was mainly due to his stubbornness. I think that if he had not been so dead set on finding out who killed Laius; asking questions and trying to figure it all out, he would not have realized it was himself who was the murdered. Oedipus certainly was not the only character we read about that made some un-smart decisions. In the article â€Å"Forgiven†, the Grosmaires’ daughter Ann is killed by her boyfriend Conor. They end up choosing to forgive Conor, even though he took their daughter’s life. From the Grosmaires’ point of view, a bad decision would have been to not forgive Conor because then, their daughter would have been just another victim in a murder case. Also, in their point of view, not considering what Ann would have wanted if she had still been alive would’ve been a bad decision. If they had not kept their daughter in mind while choosing to forgive Conor, the Grosmaires would definitely have been dissatisfied. Ann’s mother, Kate announced, â€Å"I knew that if I defined Conor by that one moment-as a murderer-I was defining my daughter as a murder victim and I couldn’t allow that to happen† (2 Tullis). The Grosmaires’ believed that if they did not forgive Conor, then all of the attention would have been on him rather than Ann. Another major factor that came in to play when they decided to forgive Conor was their religious background. They tried very hard to base their lives on the lives of Jesus and St. Augustine. In fact, the father said, â€Å"I realized it was not just Ann asking me to forgive Conor, it was Jesus Christ† (2 Tullis). To the Grosmaires, Conor was a part of the family because he had been dating their daughter for years. He even stayed in their home for a period of time. They knew that Ann would have wanted them to forgive Conor because she loved him. By respecting their daughter and what she would have wanted, the Grosmaires felt as if they were doing the right thing. There are a few other options that they could have chosen instead of forgiving Conor. For instance, they shouldn’t have changed their minds about Conor’s jail time. They did not stick to their word and it seemed as if they almost forgot about the whole concept of forgiveness. After hearing Conor describe how he killed their daughter, they let their emotions take a toll and they changed their minds. Not forgiving Conor at all could have been another alternative choice for the Grosmaires. If this were the case, Conor would have gotten the proper justice that all other criminals get. If they did not forgive Conor, there is the possibility he would have either gotten the death penalty or lifetime in prison. Either way, it’s a far more severe punishment than what he ends up getting. Conor would be forced to suffer in prison for the rest of his life, knowing how much pain he caused the Grosmaires family. Usually, this is the case for most murder trials in the United States. It is very out of the norm for a murderer to be forgiven in today’s society. In the state of Florida where the death penalty is still used, it is especially strange for the act of killing to be forgiven. If you dig deep into Socrates’ The Apology and â€Å"Forgiven†, the two can easily be seen as comparable. First, the Grosmaires’ made the decision to forgive Conor in order to satisfy them. Despite the slack they received for forgiving a clearly guilty man, they still chose to remain close with Conor and keep him in their lives. The family was extremely religious and they felt as if it was unjust to not forgive him. Like the Grosmaires, Socrates did not allow other people to affect his decision-making. He continually chose the path less taken as was seen in The Apology. While he is being tried by the city of Athens, Socrates confidently accepts the fact that most of the city’s citizens are against him and continues teaching his ideas to others because it was simply the right thing to do. In an instance where Socrates stands up for himself, he says,â€Å" I realized, to my sorrow and alarm that I was getting unpopular, but I thought that I must attach the greatest importance to god’s oracle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (loc 616 Apology). He truly believes in doing what morally feels acceptable, not what is socially acceptable and that is a great characteristic about him. Socrates lived his life with the philosophy of â€Å"How can you live a good life if you don’t truly understand what it is? † The Grosmaires’ followed this philosophy also because they did not fully know what the outcome of their decision was going to be, but all they knew was that it made them feel at peace and that is what mattered. Likewise, in The Apology, Socrates says that â€Å"he who is able to recognize his limitations is wisest. † It is nearly impossible for one single person to contain all knowledge of the world. Socrates knew what he did not know which is called Socratic ignorance. He claimed to be the wisest person because he welcomed the fact that he did not know everything in the world. In connecting Socrates to the Grosmaires, they were able to recognize that things could not be simply handled by sending Conor to prison for life. Sure, it would get him out of their sight, but never out of their minds. They could admit to their weaknesses and power through them with Conor and his family. If the Grosmaires ended up not forgiving him, then they would have actually been ignorant about the entire situation because they knew Conor and they knew that he truly did not mean to hurt their family. He was a good kid who had a mental breakdown that resulted in a murder. It was impossible for the Grosmaires to stop thinking of Conor as a son and to stop loving him. In addition, Socrates makes it known in The Apology that he is not afraid of death. Death was talked about a lot in this reading because it was the punishment Socrates was to face if he was found guilty. He says, â€Å" To fear death, gentlemen, is no other than to think oneself wise when one is not, to think one knows what one does not know. No one knows whether death may be the greatest of all blessings for a man, yet men fear it as if they knew that it is the greatest of evils† (loc 748 Apology). This was one of my favorite quotes from The Apology simply because it is so true. The Grosmaires clearly did not fear death either. For if they were afraid, they would not have accepted Ann’s death the way they did. Instead, they tried to turn Ann’s story into something heroic rather than tragic. Never once did they allow the death of their daughter to overcome them. Ann was a great person in their hearts and they believed that she was in a better place. There is no way the Grossmaires are ever going to achieve the life they had before their daughter passed away because it’s impossible to bring her back. But, by forgiving Conor they are trying to make peace with the idea of their Ann being gone. They are trying to make everything as normal as possible again, keeping Conor and his family in their lives. This is helping them to achieve the good life because they were happiest with their daughter and they don’t want to lose both their daughter and Conor at the same time. He was practically another son. Since the Grossmaires are also very religious people, I think they chose to forgive Conor so they could still consider themselves good Christians. To them, these aspects contribute to the â€Å"good life†. These are similar qualities that I consider to be the good life. In the beginning of the semester, I said that the good life is as stress free as possible. I want to avoid conflict as much as I can because conflict with family members and friends would only bring stress into my life. I think the Grossmaires family wanted to bring peace into their hearts and their lives, and forgiving Conor was the first step in achieving that goal. If I am able to look back and be proud of my choices, that is the â€Å"good life†. The Grossmaires probably had the same mentality when they were figuring out how to treat the Conor situation. They concluded that by forgiving him, they would be able to continue on with their lives and try to make the most of it. Reading â€Å"Forgiven† did not seem to change my views on what the good life was. I think from now until forever, my views on that topic will remain the same. The three readings that were discussed, Oedipus, The Apology, and â€Å"Forgiven† required much philosophical thinking on my part. With comparing and contrasting, I was able to dig deep into the meanings of each reading and come up with ideas for both.

1984 by George Orwell. Term Paper

1984 by George Orwell. Term Paper 1984 by George Orwell. Term Paper 1984 was written by famous novelist George Orwell and published in 1949. This particular piece of literature takes place in the country of Oceania which is a totalitarian society under the â€Å"watch† of Big Brother. The citizens of Oceania are watched at every single time of the day and Winston (the main character) is against the oppression and manipulation. He wishes to rebel by joining the Brotherhood and overthrow the government and in this journey, he meets a beautiful woman by the name of Julia, who hates The Party just as much as he does and soon, they begin a secret sexual affair (which considered delicate crime). Julia and Winston meet a man named O’Brien whom they believe is part of the Brotherhood but is really part of the inner party. O’Brien â€Å"introduces† Winston into the Brotherhood which is really a trap that was planned for years. He and Julia are sent to the dreaded Ministry of Love. Winston and Julia are tortured and what they once b elieved in is suddenly tested, the individuality they once had is taken away. He is able to depict a society where one obtains no autonomy and incorporated the theme that a healthy and functional government consists of physical and psychological independence. Orwell is known for writing novels about social justice and opposition against totalitarianism. Another one of his popular pieces was Animal Farm which personified a barn of animals based on Stalin’s betrayal of the Russian Revolution. There is a definite pattern in his books. His form of literature came from his past experiences. He was the son of a British colonial civil servant. Growing up he participated in the Indian Imperial Police, in both the anarchist party in the 1920’s and socialist party in the 1930’s. By 1936 Orwell had traveled to Spain to fight for the Republicans against France’s Nationalists. He fled fearing for his life when the Soviet Union backed by communists suppressed revolutionary socialists. As a reader you can absolutely find the connection between his writing and his life. He was exposed to several famous social issues and in publishing books like 1984 and Animal Farm, it was a way for him to apply his background and thoughts abo ut the events into non-fiction stories foreshadowing what he thought about the issue or the future would look like. Orwell’s novel 1984 is narrated by main character Winston Smith. There were many ideas throughout the book but it mainly depicted what a government with too much power can do to a society. Through Winston we clearly saw that â€Å"a government with too much authority is unsafe and will not function properly for the citizens if they do not obtain physical and psychological independence.† The government manipulated and oppressed people’s lives, decisions and even thoughts. In Oceania Big Brother was the head of The Party. The population was constantly reminded â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU.† This served as a barrier for Winston along with the other people to not do, think, or say what they believed. There was nowhere, where you were safe and free of the government. In fact, the government was so powerful that they had control of even the past. Winston worked in the Ministry of Truth where he did away with documents of the past or altered them into somet hing The Party wanted it to be, â€Å"[his] job was to rectify the original figures by making them agree with later ones.† â€Å"Lies became the truth†¦ just once in his life he possessed†¦evidence of an act of falsification.† In opposition to the Party, Winston feels as if he obtains the power to expose the truth. Government oppression causes him to continue to do away with the past hence, showing us the frustration he would feel. Having the actual truth ready to be revealed yet completely shut down by just the thought of being supervised all of the time and fear of his life. Everyone in Oceania was completely brain washed and having no physical documentation of the past was definitely not helpful. â€Å"For how can you establish even

Quotes That Will Help You Understand Yourself Better

Quotes That Will Help You Understand Yourself Better When asked to describe yourself, you will most probably list your achievements, qualifications, work experience, and designation. To make your profile sound complete, you may even throw in a hobby for good measure. But are these the things that really make up who you are?  The toughest questions to answer are the ones about you. Who am I? What do I know about myself? When you begin to reflect ponder on these questions, you will find yourself squirming uncomfortably. Probe a little deeper and you will find that your name, race, gender, and other personal details are merely tags. To know yourself, look beyond superficial embellishments. It does not matter whether you are a Nobel Prize winner or not. Rediscover yourself through these quotes, perfect for self-reflection.   Muhammad AliIts lack of faith that makes people afraid of meeting challenges, and I believed in myself. Oscar WildePerhaps, after all, America never has been discovered. I myself would say that it had merely been detected. Mark TwainI dont like to commit myself about heaven and hell you see, I have friends in both places. Mark TwainAs an example to others, and not that I care for moderation myself, it has always been my rule never to smoke when asleep, and never to refrain from smoking when awake. Marilyn MonroeI have feelings too. I am still human. All I want is to be loved, for myself and for my talent. Marilyn MonroeI restore myself when Im alone. Maya AngelouI long, as does every human being, to be at home wherever I find myself. Thomas JeffersonI do not take a single newspaper, nor read one a month, and I feel myself infinitely the happier for it. David AllenYou can do anything, but not everything. Lin-ChiWhen hungry, eat your rice; when tired, close your eyes. Fools may laugh at me, but wise men will know what I mean. John WilmotBefore I got married I had six theories about bringing up children; now I have six children and no theories. Jean RostandMy pessimism extends to the point of even suspecting the sincerity of the pessimists. Lily TomlinSometimes I worry about being a success in a mediocre world. Richard LewisI quit therapy because my analyst was trying to help me behind my back. Clarence DarrowWhen I was a boy I was told that anybody could become President. Now I’m beginning to believe it. Cullen HightowerLaughing at our mistakes can lengthen our own life. Laughing at someone else’s can shorten it. Cyril ConnollyThere are many who dare not kill themselves for fear of what the neighbors will say. Albert EinsteinThe person who reads too much and uses his brain too little will fall into lazy habits of thinking. Andre GideBelieve those who are seeking the truth. Doubt those who find it. Aryeh FrimerI’d rather live with a good question than a bad answer. Bill VaughanWe lear n something every day, and lots of times it’s that what we learned the day before was wrong. Cale YarboroughDon’t ever wrestle with a pig. You’ll both get dirty, but the pig will enjoy it. Christopher HamptonAsking a working writer what he thinks about critics is like asking a lamppost how it feels about dogs. Cyril ConnollyBetter to write for yourself and have no public, than to write for the public and have no self. Dame Edna EverageNever be afraid to laugh at yourself, after all, you could be missing out on the joke of the century. Edith SitwellI am patient with stupidity but not with those who are proud of it. Gordon R. DicksonSome people like my advice so much that they frame it upon the wall instead of using it. Lily TomlinThe trouble with the rat race is that even if you win, you’re still a rat. NapoleonNever ascribe to malice, that which can be explained by incompetence.Thomas Szasz When a person can no longer laugh at himself, it is time for others to laugh at him.

MOREL Surname Meaning and Family History

MOREL Surname Meaning and Family History The Morel surname is a diminutive from the Old French more, meaning dark and swarthy (as a moor). A French variant of Moor and Moore. Morel is the 21st most common surname in France. Surname Origin: French Alternate Surname Spellings:  MORELL, MORILL, MORRELL, MORRILL Famous People with the MORELSurname Guillaume Morel  - French classical scholarOlivier Morel de La Durantaye - Colonial officer in New FranceGeorge W. Morell  Ã‚  - civil engineer; Union General in U.S. Civil WarTheodor Morell - Adolph Hitlers personal physicianBà ©nà ©dict Morel   - Austrian-French psychiatristAntoine Là ©on Morel-Fatio  - French painter Where is the MORELSurname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Morel  surname is most common in France, where it ranks 22nd in the nation, followed by Monaco (68th), Dominican Republic (87th) and Paraguay (109th). The Morell  spelling of the surname, on the other hand, is most prevalent in Spain, and also common in Puerto Rico (395th) and  Cuba (413th). WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates a similar distribution, with the greatest percentage of individuals named Morel  in Austria, followed by Switzerland, Argentina and Belgium. Within France, Morel is found in the greatest numbers in the Franche-Comtà © region (now Bourgogne-Franche-Comtà ©), followed by Rhà ´ne-Alpes (now  Auvergne-Rhà ´ne-Alpes), Haute-Normandie (now Normandy), Basse-Normandie (now Normandy) and Bretagne. Genealogy Resources for the Surname MOREL Meanings of Common French SurnamesUncover the meaning of your French  last name with this free guide to the four types of French surnames, and the meanings and origins of common French last names. Morel  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Morel  family crest or coat of arms for the Morel surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. MOREL  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Morel  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - MOREL  GenealogyExplore over 2  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Morel surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MOREL  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Morel  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - MOREL  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Morel. GeneaNet - Morel  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Morel  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Morel  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Morel  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

WWII & The Holocaust Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WWII & The Holocaust - Assignment Example During the same period, Jordan captured West Bank. Also, as the British became more intensely aware of the difficulties involved in paying no attention to the Arab situation in Palestine, they began to back off from the political guarantee that the United States, in its comparative ignorance, had come to experience (Christison, 2001, pp. 45-54). This period marked an increasing Jewish immigration to Palestine prompted by Hitler’s German rise to power through the Holocaust. In addition, a commitment to promote Jewish homeland in Palestine became apparent. Roosevelt never committed himself as a Zionist in helping the Jews during the Holocaust. However, his political support for Zionists in Palestine provided significant support and helped speed up the political retreat of Arabs from Palestine. Roosevelt devoted considerable thought to formulating ways of accommodating Jewish control of Palestine by moving the Arab side without any thought for the justice of expelling an entire nation by force. He seems to have had little consideration of the predicament the British encountered in Palestine. The United States Jewish community did not fully support the idea of a Jewish home in Palestine and Zionism. Public knowledge of the Palestine situation increased significantly in the war years. This followed the Zionist activistâ⠂¬â„¢s efforts and heavy coverage given to the situation of Europe’s Jews. Consequently, in 1993, Palestine and Israel signed the Declaration of Principles that called for Palestine’s self-rule in Jericho and Gaza (Zarley, 2007, pp. 69-73). The Muslims denied that the Holocaust never took place, but if it did, it was to a small extent. Some added that the Jews fetched it on themselves against the Palestinians. Merging Islamic and European anti-Zionist and anti-Jewish philosophies together, Iran became the propagator of Holocaust denial in the Middle East and also sponsored Western Holocaust

Essay about Church Growth Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

About Church Growth - Essay Example For the present action plan therefore, a combination of ideas and thought from both sides of the argument are being considered. In its totality therefore, this is going to be an action plan on how to map up ways of increasing the physical quantum of the church’s membership and there after find means of equipping the spiritual content of the members who are won into the church. This shall be done by following the planning process steps to come up with a comprehensive way of guaranteeing a paper-work church growth formula. Planning Processes Step 1: Purpose and Goal Setting The very first step is for the church to have a purpose and set out goals on what it wants to achieve. Already, it has been indicated that as far as church growth is concerned, there are two major schools of thoughts as to what church growth constitutes. For this reason, it is important that the church comes clear on which of the two ways it wants to pursue as it sets out its purpose and goal. The goal settin g ought to have some key conventional qualities. For instance the goals ought to be specific, time bound, achievable, relevant and measurable. The purpose should also have some key features such as the fact that it should have alternatives and monitoring and evaluation components. Giving the background of the church therefore, there could be a purpose and goal that seeks to increase the membership of the church by one hundred (100) souls in three (3) months and leading the new members through various spiritual activities that will help them become born-again Christians after two months of joining the church. Step 2: Surveying After the purpose and goals have been set, the way will be paved for surveying to take place. Surveying will particularly involve the act of going to the grounds to measure the real ‘size’ of the job at hand. By size, reference is being made to the length of work that will be involved should the action plan be eventually implemented (Bunzel, 2002). The surveying should therefore have several considerations that include the amount of money needed to carry out a perfect job, the scope of places to go, the kind of people to approach, the schemes and strategies to use for the soul winning exercise and the expected feedback that will result from the eventual work. Timing should also be another key aspect of the surveillance. This is because when the church implements its action plan within a very conducive time frame, there are several conditions within the timing that can affect the results. In a typical example, it is common knowledge that during occasions like Easter, 31st Night and Christmas, a lot of people become very religious. Because of this, they respond to church activities more quickly. Such a time would therefore be a better timing season to implement the church’s plan. Step 3: Planning Undoubtedly, the best time to go about planning for the church growth concept is after the surveying is complete. This is beca use the surveying will come out with tangible results and responses on the actual steps that need to be taken in the course of the implementation of the action plan. At the planning stage therefore, the church growth team will be dealing with a more realistic approach to getting the action plan underway. For

Strategic Writing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Writing - Research Paper Example It is a vital part of the overall corporate strategy because it conveys what the firm is all about. In other words, a good business letter written very well and formal in tone sets the groundwork for future success, because it gives a strong first impression, similar to a firm handshake. This is why most successful firms give a strong importance to their written business communications, be it in the form of a letter, a memorandum, a fax, or an e-mail message, because everything that is important hinges on the success of how that written message will be received by all the intended recipients, who can either ignore it altogether if written badly, or respond to it in a very positive manner and generate sales for the letter writer and the company he is writing for. The written message must be strong and impressive; and it further cements the purpose of that message by sending it across in a way that is clearly understood. Exceptional writing forms part of the communications skills of a competent person, and it is a vital or critical job skill because it is a good way to influence other people, to help them make up their minds about you, your company, your products or your services. Despite all the advances in communications media today, starting from the pre-historic smoke signals, to the clay tablets, to papyrus, to the handwritten message to the quill pen to the typewriter, a constant which had remained the same is a need to deliver a message concisely and precisely (Lindsell-Roberts 3), and this is where strategic writing comes in, wherein anything written in the form of a letter, a memo, a fax, or an e-mail forms part of the corporate strategy. Strategic writing should integrate well into a firm’s marketing, advertising, sales, public relations, and even crisis management functions of top-level management (Marsh, Guth, and Short 5). Sample of effective and strategic e-mail message to be sent to the present supplier: To: sharpe@young_oswald.com, greene@y oung_oswald.com, barnes@young_oswald.com Copy: craft@young_oswald.com Subject: Letter to inform current supplier of defective tool kits that they will be replaced FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE July 12, 2013 As you know, Cross Electric, Inc. is one of our major clients. It is the wholesale supplier of the popular â€Å"Virtu-Fix† line of tool kits to most of the retail hardware stores within the area. This tool kit is used for the maintenance and repair of PC and Mac computers. However, as recent events indicated, its main supplier of the said imported tool kits did not properly check these tool kits such that there are defective tools within the kits, resulting in many customer complaints. Cross Electric, Inc. now wants our help in informing its main supplier to terminate the supply contract, and for the said supplier to be replaced with an Indonesian supplier instead. It seems this Indonesian supplier did a better job at quality control. In this regard, please forward to me through e-mail your ideas on how to say it best to the present supplier its contract will soon be terminated by Cross Electric, Inc. due to its quality concerns without possibly raising any legal issues or complications. This means it has

Global Automobile Indusry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Automobile Indusry - Essay Example There are several automobile companies spread all over the world, in different continents and in distinct countries. Some of them are; Japan, Germany, Italy, France and the United States. These are the heavyweights who work in conjunction with other firms and certified dealers in the developed and still developing countries. Their job hence entails the assembling of parts to come up with a finished product. Some known names include, Toyota, Isuzu, Mercedes, Chevrolet, Citroen, Chrysler, Hummer and many more. The firms involved have put extremely large amounts of capital into the business. This is because, it takes serious investment and taking risks in order to realize good and stable profit margins. Too much work is done to maintain brilliance in this very competitive industry. Good arguments have been tabulated concerning the industrial and market aspects of globalization. Any given manufacturer tries to triumph his competitor using any means possible. Tactics which are applied tend to directly be against the opponent. (Lynch, 2008). The policies formulated have the primary aim of attracting customers, depending on demand, taste, economical growth and preferences. Taking the likelihood of activist groups taking to the streets, it then becomes important for the personnel involved to take into account environmental changes that are might take shape following introduction of their vehicles. In this case analysis, I find it rather important to at look Toyota Company Limited and Volkswagen. Toyota is fast growing and spreading, in fact it's to find their car models in almost the whole world and Volkswagen for being an ancient company that is still taking new shapes in relation to current and latest automobile model. Toyota is always trying to cater for those requirements that suit people of all walks of life. Citing example on the ever unstable crude oil and the resultant product's prices, they create less fuel consuming engines to cater for that economical allowance. Another more evident strategy used to fit in to the system is the variety in strength and capacity that their model can comfortably cope and manage in due time or over range of a given period. Networking with other industries is also an important aspect in order to win that continuity and confidence in customers and clients. It is then definitely a task earn to publicity and goodwill depending on the prevailing market-competitor state. Certain factors have to be considered in order to realize the goals the automakers have in relation to the industry, not forgetting competitors are many. They involve advertisement, marketing, research, public relations, community relations, employee relations, budgeting, evaluations and monitoring of their projects (Corcoran, 2008). It goes to further digging to know who amongst their competitors has connections in the agencies or Companies and their interests. This multinational vehicle company has all this data at its fingertips just incase they need to shift gears which will facilitate their smartness.

The Role of Material Life, Language, Social Interaction and Aesthetics Essay - 2

The Role of Material Life, Language, Social Interaction and Aesthetics in Chinese Marketing - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in Chinese culture, material culture is revered as it is also one of the ways through which they express themselves. Material culture can be looked at in terms of artifacts, dressing, technology, and food. Materially Chinese prefer to use their own locally produced products as opposed to importing them from other countries. Hence it is common to find huge posters and other artworks containing Chinese workmanship that is totally different from what is commonly found in western cultures. All kinds of products, including food products, can be advertised or made popular through artifacts and technology. Much Chinese own television and radio sets; therefore, it would be easy for them to get information about new products on the market. The material life of Chinese is normally showcased in several of their festivals. The most relevant of the festivities, in this case, is the Moon Festival in which mooncakes are served as a delicacy. Mooncakes, which are closely related to Goodman Fielder’s Crunchy Cookies, are among the most popular of Chinese delicacies. Such festivities can be used as platforms to introduce and market new delicacies, in this case, the Crunchy Cookies that Goodman Fielder is planning to introduce into the market. Oriental dishes are very common in many of Chinese restaurants; however, it is not uncommon to find a few foreign food products in several stores. This means that although Chinese highly value their local food products, they are also open to other products that appeal to them. There are different languages spoken in China, however, there are some that are more prominently used than others. For instance, Mandarin and Cantonese are widely spoken more than any other languages in the country. English is also slowly gaining popularity, especially in the urban places. Language in China plays a huge role in social interactions. Many of Chinese websites, especially social interaction sites are operated in either M andarin, Cantonese or English. Whatever languages the Chinese use for their communication, they normally emphasize on politeness and respect.

Global Automobile Indusry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Automobile Indusry - Essay Example There are several automobile companies spread all over the world, in different continents and in distinct countries. Some of them are; Japan, Germany, Italy, France and the United States. These are the heavyweights who work in conjunction with other firms and certified dealers in the developed and still developing countries. Their job hence entails the assembling of parts to come up with a finished product. Some known names include, Toyota, Isuzu, Mercedes, Chevrolet, Citroen, Chrysler, Hummer and many more. The firms involved have put extremely large amounts of capital into the business. This is because, it takes serious investment and taking risks in order to realize good and stable profit margins. Too much work is done to maintain brilliance in this very competitive industry. Good arguments have been tabulated concerning the industrial and market aspects of globalization. Any given manufacturer tries to triumph his competitor using any means possible. Tactics which are applied tend to directly be against the opponent. (Lynch, 2008). The policies formulated have the primary aim of attracting customers, depending on demand, taste, economical growth and preferences. Taking the likelihood of activist groups taking to the streets, it then becomes important for the personnel involved to take into account environmental changes that are might take shape following introduction of their vehicles. In this case analysis, I find it rather important to at look Toyota Company Limited and Volkswagen. Toyota is fast growing and spreading, in fact it's to find their car models in almost the whole world and Volkswagen for being an ancient company that is still taking new shapes in relation to current and latest automobile model. Toyota is always trying to cater for those requirements that suit people of all walks of life. Citing example on the ever unstable crude oil and the resultant product's prices, they create less fuel consuming engines to cater for that economical allowance. Another more evident strategy used to fit in to the system is the variety in strength and capacity that their model can comfortably cope and manage in due time or over range of a given period. Networking with other industries is also an important aspect in order to win that continuity and confidence in customers and clients. It is then definitely a task earn to publicity and goodwill depending on the prevailing market-competitor state. Certain factors have to be considered in order to realize the goals the automakers have in relation to the industry, not forgetting competitors are many. They involve advertisement, marketing, research, public relations, community relations, employee relations, budgeting, evaluations and monitoring of their projects (Corcoran, 2008). It goes to further digging to know who amongst their competitors has connections in the agencies or Companies and their interests. This multinational vehicle company has all this data at its fingertips just incase they need to shift gears which will facilitate their smartness.

Explanation of Giovanni Battista Gualli's The Triumph Of The Name Of Essay

Explanation of Giovanni Battista Gualli's The Triumph Of The Name Of Jesus And The Fall Of The Damned - Essay Example In the clouds are the saints and other holy men who exudes adoration and extends praises. Aside from the enormous light that invites the holy people in the kingdom of Jesus, there are also men who vanishes to be part of the everlasting life as they are being casted down to hell by the same light that eminates the blessed. Extraordinarily, the work is striking the symbolism of what God wants us to believe and how he wants us to understand him. Thus, the work went beyond symbolism as it appears to bring you into reality as you experience close encounter with the painting. It serves as a walk-through the triumph of Jesus which gives you the feeling that the holy works is really happening. The way the large group of figures spill over the edge of the frame that seems to extend over your heads is not only there to make things appear real but its there for a deeper reason and that is for us learn how short in the distance that separates man on earth and Jesus on heaven. Truly, it can never be that far. The clouds on the other hand, strikes the great deal of solidity, serenity and color awakening us of the good things the earthly world has to offer. Thus, we should not be blinded by these because there are greater things beyond it that is yet to be explored.

Weighwood Case Essay Example for Free

Weighwood Case Essay When Wedgwood started his business, pottery industry is already established, comprises many small players around the country. He started with a small production facility, incorporated his experience from working in family business and many years in the industry. His passion and innovative ideas helped him expand his business and grew to become a big player in potter industry. Wedgwood was a differentiator company, specifically a late mover in the industry. Wedgwood gained competitive advantages through innovation, creativity, and strong marketing strategies. Innovation and creativity were the key to Wedgwood success, including the invention of creamware and white pottery. Josiah focused on bringing new ideas to the design of his products, finding new raw materials to help producing better products, and building/creating machines with latest technology to help with efficiency and uniformity. His wife specialized in pottery design and coloring which help their products differentiate from other plain pottery products in the market. Moreover, the sustained competitive advantage Wedgwood had, was the result of good marketing strategies with help from Josiahs partner, Bentley. Base on the reading, marketing strategies Wedgwood used were establishing showroom, inertia selling strategy, and promotion through high class people (Queen). Wedgwood was also the first one in the industry have brand name on every products. Wedgwood were so successful in England until its number of productions exceed the number of sale which cause the company to stock up a very high inventory. This opportunity caused Wedgwood to expand internationally to many countries in Europe and China. Wedgwood leverage its competitive advantage through demand side scope economy. Firstly, company needed new outlet for products that overproduced for local market. The example from class discussion would be Coke case. Coke and Pepsi competed with each other until the market were fully saturated, then Coke started to go global to exploit other markets in other countries. Wedgwood introduced its products to many countries in Europe and to China. Wedgwoods products were new to international market because of their design, coloring, uniformity. Wedgwood also used inertia selling strategies which company send products to consumer in a package with invoice and consumers can either buy or return the products at no cost to them. This strategy was to create demand for company products. Secondly, there were potential benefits to company to expand internationally because of the increasing spending on nonessential or luxury goods around European countries. Shipping methods also became more secured and convenience. As a result, Wedgwoods products were sold internationally to meet the demand in the form of luxury or nonessential goods. To better understand of how above strategies would work internationally and how Wedgwood sustained its competitive, the products were global products. All of the products were produced in home country, England, and then ship to other countries to retail store or direct sell to consumers. Wedgwood also established showroom in many countries to display its products, and make people wants its products. Wedgwood was not adapt to local market in different countries but to sell its home products and position their image just as intended. The example that relates to this idea was the discussion in class about the case which Apple open an Apple Store in Beijing. Apple products are also global products. Apples positioning strategy is uniform all around the world. Wedgwoods products were also uniform and mass produced in England and they do not need to be modified to fit to foreign market.

Microorganisms: Normal Flora

Microorganisms: Normal Flora The concept of infection in the host- parasite relationship is expressed in the bodys normal flora. Normal flora is a population of micro-organisms that infect the body without causing disease. Some organisms establish a permanent relationship, as E.coli is always found in large intestines of humans; others like streptococci are transient. Symbiotic associations between body and its normal flora exist at different levels. These may be in the form of mutualism or commensalisms. Lactobacillus in human vagina is examples of mutualism. They derive nutrition from vaginal environment and the acid produced by them prevents the overgrowth of other microbes. E. coli exists as a commenssal, though may also sometimes exist in mutualistic association. Normal flora exists on skin oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, latter part of small intestine and the large intestine. In intestines there are Bacteroides, Clostridium (spores), Streptococci, Gram positive rods including Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas, E. coli ,Candida albicans. Normal flora undergoes changes in response to internal environment of the body. Typically, when one says I have an infection they mean to say I have a disease, however the latter is not quite so socially acceptable. In fact, we are all infected with a variety of microorganisms throughout our entire lives. Incredibly, our bodies are actually composed of more bacterial cells than human cells; while the human body is made up of about 1013 human cells, we harbor near 1014 bacteria. This group of organisms, traditionally referred to as normal flora (although they are not plants) is composed of a fairly stable set of genera, mostly anaerobes. While each person has a relatively unique set of normal flora, members of the Streptococcus and Bacteroides make up a large percentage of the inhabitants. These organisms contribute to our existence in several ways. These normal flora may: à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Help us by competing with pathogens such as Salmonella à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Help us by providing vitamins or eliminating toxins (e.g. Bacteroides) à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Harm us by promoting disease (e.g. dental caries) à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Cause neither help nor harm (e.g. commensals). One of the most important functions of our normal flora is to protect us from highly pathogenic organisms. For example, in a normal (bacterially inhabited animal), about 106 Salmonella must be ingested in order to cause disease. However, when an animal has been maintained in a sterile environment all of its life (a gnotobiotic animal), the same level of disease can be produced by as few as 10 Salmonella. This dramatic difference is simply due to competition (wikiAnswers.com). To a microorganism, the human body seems very much like the planet Earth seems to us. Just like our planet, our bodies contain numerous different environments, ranging from dry deserts (e.g. the forearm) to tropical forests (e.g. the perineum) to extremely hostile regions (e.g. the intestinal tract). Each environment possesses certain advantages and disadvantages and different microorganisms have adapted to certain regions of the body for their particular needs. In developed countries, computers are used in the bedside area for multiple functions, including ordering, checking laboratory and image results, recording patients conditions, and accounting. Moreover, most computer devices, such as keyboards and mice, in many countries are not water-proof and not specially designed for hospital disinfection needs. Therefore, there is a good possibility that computer interface surfaces may serve as reservoirs for nosocomial pathogens. Besides, the rate of hand washing compliance in healthcare institutions is low (~40%), which is presumably related to the contamination of inanimate surfaces of medical equipments and hospital environment with nosocomial pathogens (Boyce JM,Pittet 2002). Studies have shown that the hands or gloves of healthcare workers (HCWs) can be contaminated after touching inanimate objects in patient rooms or after touching environmental surfaces near patients (Bhalla A et al., 2004 ;Hartstein AI et al.,1988).One study reported that microbial contamination of computer interface surfaces was so prevalent that various microorganisms were isolated from more than 50% of the keyboards of hospital computers (R utala WA et al., 2006). The levels of contamination varied with the proximity to the patients, the texture of inanimate surfaces and the frequency of contact. The hospital ward computer is found being less likely to be contaminated than bedside computers (Neely AN et al.,2005). Schultz et al. have reported that 95% of keyboards in close proximity to patient sites had bacterial contamination. However, only 5% of these were pathogens known to be associated with nosocomial transmission (Schultz M et al.,2003). Most previous studies have reported the contamination of computer interface surfaces by potential pathogens such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Boyce JM et al.,1997;Bures S et al.,2000) and Acinetobacter baumannii (Neely AN et al.,1999), but few have studied the relationship between contamination of the ward computers and clinical isolates in hospitals with improved hand hygiene compliance and during a non-outbreak period. Clinically, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and MRSA cause th e most common nosocomial infections and their presence correlates with environmental surface contamination (Engelhart S et al.,2002;Sekiguchi J et al.,2007).We conducted a hospital-based surveillance study of these three important pathogens on computer interface surfaces in different ward settings and then examined the relationship of contaminated computer interface surfaces with the presence of clinical isolates in these wards during a non outbreak period. Skin provides good examples of various microenvironments. Skin regions have been compared to geographic regions of Earth: the desert of the forearm, the cool woods of the scalp, and the tropical forest of the armpit. The composition of the dermal micro flora varies from site to site according to the character of the microenvironment. A different bacterial flora characterizes each of three regions of skin: (1) axilla, perineum, and toe webs; (2) hand, face and trunk; and (3) upper arms and legs. Skin sites with partial occlusion (axilla, perineum, and toe webs) harbor more microorganisms than do less occluded areas (legs, arms, and trunk). These quantitative differences may relate to increased amount of moisture, higher body temperature, and greater concentrations of skin surface lipids. The axilla, perineum, and toe webs are more frequently colonized by Gram-negative bacilli than are drier areas of the skin. The number of bacteria on an individuals skin remains relatively constant; bacterial survival and the extent of colonization probably depend partly on the exposure of skin to a particular environment and partly on the innate and species-specific bactericidal activity in skin. Also, a high degree of specificity is involved in the adherence of bacteria to epithelial surfaces. Not all bacteria attach to skin; staphylococci, which are the major element of the nasal flora, possess a distinct advantage over viridans streptococci in colonizing the nasal mucosa. Conversely, viridans streptococci are not seen in large numbers on the skin or in the nose but dominate the oral flora. The microbiology literature is inconsistent about the density of bacteria on the skin; one reason for this is the variety of methods used to collect skin bacteria. The scrub method yields the highest and most accurate counts for a given skin area. Most microorganisms live in the superficial layers of the stratum corneum and in the upper parts of the hair follicles. Some bacteria, however, reside in the deeper areas of the hair follicles and are beyond the reach of ordinary disinfection procedures. These bacteria are a reservoir for recolonization after the surface bacteria are removed. Staphylococcus epidermidis S. epidermidis is a major inhabitant of the skin, and in some areas it makes up more than 90 percent of the resident aerobic flora. Staphylococcus aureus The nose and perineum are the most common sites for S. aureus colonization, which is present in 10 percent to more than 40 percent of normal adults. S. aureus is prevalent (67 percent) on vulvar skin. Its occurrence in the nasal passages varies with age, being greater in the newborn, less in adults. S. aureus is extremely common (80 to 100 percent) on the skin of patients with certain dermatologic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, but the reason for this finding is unclear. Micrococci Micrococci are not as common as staphylococci and diphtheroids; however, they are frequently present on normal skin. Micrococcus luteus, the predominant species, usually accounts for 20 to 80 percent of the micrococci isolated from the skin. Diphtheroids (Coryneforms) The term diphtheroid denotes a wide range of bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. Classification of diphtheroids remains unsatisfactory; for convenience, cutaneous diphtheroids have been categorized into the following four groups: lipophilic or nonlipophilic diphtheroids; anaerobic diphtheroids; diphtheroids producing porphyrins (coral red fluorescence when viewed under ultraviolet light); and those that possess some keratinolytic enzymes and are associated with trichomycosis axillaris (infection of axillary hair). Lipophilic diphtheroids are extremely common in the axilla, whereas nonlipophilic strains are found more commonly on glabrous skin. Anaerobic diphtheroids are most common in areas rich in sebaceous glands. Although the name Corynebacterium acnes was originally used to describe skin anaerobic diphtheroids, these are now classified as Propionibacterium acnes and as P. granulosum. P. acnes are seen eight times more frequently than P. granulosum in acne lesions and are probably involved in acne pathogenesis. Children younger than 10 years are rarely colonized with P. acnes. The appearance of this organism on the skin is probably related to the onset of secretion of sebum (a semi-fluid substance composed of fatty acids and epithelial debris secreted from sebaceous glands) at puberty. P. avidum, the third species of cutaneous anaerobic diphtheroids, is rare in acne lesions and is more often isolated from the axilla. Streptococci Streptococci, especially ÃŽÂ ²-hemolytic streptococci, are rarely seen on normal skin. The paucity of ÃŽÂ ²-hemolytic streptococci on the skin is attributed at least in part to the presence of lipids on the skin, as these lipids are lethal to streptococci. Other groups of streptococci, such as ÃŽÂ ±-hemolytic streptococci, exist primarily in the mouth, from where they may, in rare instances, spread to the skin. Gram-Negative Bacilli Gram-negative bacteria make up a small proportion of the skin flora. In view of their extraordinary numbers in the gut and in the natural environment, their scarcity on skin is striking. They are seen in moist intertriginous areas, such as the toe webs and axilla, and not on dry skin. Desiccation is the major factor preventing the multiplication of Gram-negative bacteria on intact skin. Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, and Proteus specie are predominant Gram-negative organisms found on the skin. Acinetobacter spp also occurs on the skin of normal individuals and, like other Gram-negative bacteria, is more common in the moist intertriginous areas. Nail Flora The microbiology of a normal nail is generally similar to that of the skin. Dust particles and other extraneous materials may get trapped under the nail, depending on what the nail contacts. In addition to resident skin flora, these dust particles may carry fungi and bacilli. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Mucor are the major types of fungi found under the nails. Oral and Upper Respiratory Tract Flora The oral flora is involved in dental caries and periodontal disease, which affect about 80 percent. of the population in the Western world.Anaerobes in the oral flora are responsible for many of the brain, face, and lung infections that are frequently manifested by abscess formation. The pharynx and trachea contain primarily those bacterial genera found in the normal oral cavity (for example, ÃŽÂ ±-and ÃŽÂ ²-hemolytic streptococci); however, anaerobes, staphylococci, neisseriae, diphtheroids, and others are also present. Potentially pathogenic organisms such as Haemophilus, mycoplasmas, and pneumococci may also be found in the pharynx. Anaerobic organisms also are reported frequently. The upper respiratory tract is so often the site of initial colonization by pathogens (Neisseria meningitides, C. diphtheriae, Bordetella pertussis, and many others) and could be considered the first region of attack for such organisms. In contrast, the lower respiratory tract (small bronchi and alveoli) is usually sterile, because particles the size of bacteria do not readily reach it. If bacteria do reach these regions, they encounter host defense mechanisms, such as alveolar macrophages, that are not present in the pharynx. (A) Scanning electron micrograph of a cross-section of rat colonic mucosa. The bar indicates the thick layer of bacteria between the mucosal surface and the lumen (L) (X 262,) (B) Higher magnification of the area indicated by the arrow in Fig. A, showing a mass of bacteria (B) immediately adjacent to colonized intestinal tissue (T), (X2,624.) (Figure from Davis CP: Preservation of bacteria and their microenvironmental association in the rat by freezing. Appl Environ Microbiol 31:310,1976, with permission.) More information is available on the animal than the human micro flora. Research on animals has revealed that unusual filamentous microorganisms attach to ileal epithelial cells and modify host membranes with few or no harmful effects. Microorganisms have been observed in thick layers on gastrointestinal surfaces and in the crypts of Lieberkuhn. Other studies indicate that the immune response can be modulated by the intestinal flora. Studies role of the intestinal flora in biosynthesis of vitamin K and other host-utilizable products, conversion of bile acids (perhaps to cocarcinogens), and ammonia production (which can play a role in hepatic coma) show the dual role of the microbial flora in influencing the health of the host. More basic studies of the human bowel flora are necessary to define their effect on humans (Samuel 1996).Browse on Medical Microbiology à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Depiction of the human body and bacteria that predominate The skin flora are the microorganisms which reside on the skin. Most research has been upon those that reside upon the 2 square meters of human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon human skin from 19 phyla (Grice et al., 2009;Pappas,2009).The total number of bacteria on an average human has been estimated at 1012 (Todar) .Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles. Skin flora are usually non-pathogenic, and either commensals (are not harmful to their host) or mutualistic (offer a benefit). The benefits bacteria can offer include preventing transient pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin surface, either by competing for nutrients, secreting chemicals against them, or stimulating the skins immune system (Cogen et al., 2008). However, resident microbes can cause skin diseases and enter the blood system creating life threatening diseases particularly in immunosuppressed people (Cogen et al., 2008).Hygiene to control such flora is important in preventing the transmission of antibiotic resistant hospital-acquired infections. A major nonhuman skin flora is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid and non-hyphal zoosporic fungus that causes chytridiomycosis, infectious disease thought to be responsible for the decline in amphibian populations. Ecology of the 20 sites on the skin studied in the Human Microbiome Project: There are three main ecological areas: moist, dry and sebaceous. Propionibacteria and Staphylococci species were the main species in sebaceous areas. In moist places on the body Corynebacteria together with Staphylococci dominate. In dry areas, there is a mixture of species but b-Proteobacteria and Flavobacteriales are dominant. Ecologically, sebaceous areas had greater species richness than moist and dry one. The areas with least similarity between people in species were the spaces between fingers, the spaces between toes, axillae, and umbilical cord stump. Most similarly were beside the nostril, nares (inside the nostril), and on the back (Grice et al., 2009). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an example of a mutualistic bacteria that can turn into a pathogen and cause disease: if gains entry into the blood system it can result in inflections in bone, joint, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. It can also cause dermatitis. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces antimicrobial substances such as pseudomonic acid that are exploited commercially such as Mupirocin. This works against staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa also produces substances that inhibit the growth of fungus species such as Candida krusei, Candida albicans, Torulopsis glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus fumigatus (Kerr, 1994).It can also inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori (Krausse et al.,2005). So important is its antimicrobial actions that it has been noted that removing P. aeruginosa from the skin, through use of oral or topical antibiotics, may inversely allow for aberrant yeast colonization and infection (Cogen et al. , 2008). Another aspect of bacteria is the generation of body odor. Sweat is odorless but Propionibacteria in adolescent adult sebaceous glands can turn its amino acids into propionic acid. Staphylococcus epidermidis create the other source of body odor: isovaleric acid (3-methyl butanoic acid) (Ara et al., 2006).In addition to these, people with strong foot odor this is due to Bacillus subtilis (Ara et al., 2006).

Film Review :: essays research papers

WRITING A FILM REVIEW Be sure to check out film terminology! In writing your film review, remember that your writing is intended to be persuasive. Additionally, your writing should demonstrate clearly that you not only viewed the film, but also read the novel or play which formed the basis of the film. Paragraph 1: Offer your overall impression of the film while mentioning the movie's title, director, and key actors. Paragraph 2: Summarize the plot of the film, noting differences from the original novel or play. Paragraph 3: How did the actors portray key character roles? Did they fulfill your expectations given your knowledge of the original novel or play? Paragraph 4: Were any particular film techniques used in key scenes? How did the film techniques and music enhance the setting and themes of the film? Paragraph 5: Address how well the film represents the themes of the novel or play. Offer evidence for your opinion. Remember to mention use of symbols and literary devices. Do they "transfer" from the novel/play into the movie well? Paragraph 6: Ending paragraph--your last opportunity to convince the reader. Offer a clincher that tells the reader to attend the film or not. Film Terminology General Terms Shot: continuous, unedited piece of film of any length Scene: a series of shots that together form a complete episode or unit of the narrative Storyboard: Drawn up when designing a production. Plans AV text and shows how each shot relates to sound track. (Think comic strip with directions - like a rough draft or outline for a film.) Montage: The editing together of a large number of shots with no intention of creating a continuous reality. A montage is often used to compress time, and montage shots are linked through a unified sound - either a voiceover or a piece of music. Parallel action: narrative strategy that crosscuts between two or more separate actions to create the illusion that they are occurring simultaneously Shots Long Shot: Overall view from a distance of whole scene often used as an establishing shot - to set scene. Person - will show whole body. Medium or Mid Shot: Middle distance shot - can give background information while still focusing on subject. Person - usually shows waist to head. Close Up: Focuses on detail / expression / reaction. Person - shows either head or head and shoulders. Tracking shot: single continuous shot made with a camera moving along the ground

An Introduction to Evolution Essay -- Evolution Science Biology Essays

An Introduction to Evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Evolution? Evolution is the process by which all living things have developed from primitive organisms through changes occurring over billions of years, a process that includes all animals and plants. Exactly how evolution occurs is still a matter of debate, but there are many different theories and that it occurs is a scientific fact. Biologists agree that all living things come through a long history of changes shaped by physical and chemical processes that are still taking place. It is possible that all organisms can be traced back to the origin of Life from one celled organims. The most direct proof of evolution is the science of Paleontology, or the study of life in the past through fossil remains or impressions, usually in rock. Changes occur in living organisms that serve to increase their adaptability, for survival and reproduction, in changing environments. Evolution apparently has no built-in direction purpose. A given kind of organism may evolve only when it occurs in a variety of forms differing in hereditary traits, that are passed from parent to offspring. By chance, some varieties prove to be ill adapted to their current environment and thus disappear, whereas others prove to be adaptive, and their numbers increase. The elimination of the unfit, or the "survival of the fittest," is known as Natural Selection because it is nature that discards or favors a particular being. Evolution takes place only when natural selection operates on apopulation of organisms containing diverse inheritable forms. HISTORY Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) was the first to propose a general theory of evolution. He said that hereditary material, consisting of particles, was transmitted from parents to offspring. His opinion of the part played by natural selection had little influence on other naturalists. Until the mid-19th century, naturalists believed that each species was created separately, either through a supreme being or through spontaneous generation the concept that organisms arose fully developed from soil or water. The work of the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus in advancing the classifying of biological organisms focused attention on the close similarity between certain species. Speculation began as to the existence of a sort of blood relationship between... ...y different. For example, the wing of a bird and the wing of a butterfly are analogous; both are used for flight, but they are entirely different structurally. Analogous structures do not indicate evolutionary relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Closely related fossils preserved in continuous successions of rock strata have allowed evolutionists to trace in detail the evolution of many species as it has occurred over several million years. The ancestry of the horse can be traced through thousands of fossil remains to a small terrier-sized animal with four toes on the front feet and three toes on the hind feet. This ancestor lived in the Eocene Epoch, about 54 million years ago. From fossils in the higher layers of stratified rock, the horse is found to have gradually acquired its modern form by eventually evolving to a one-toed horse almost like modern horses and finally to the modern horse, which dates back about 1 million years. CONCLUSION TO EVOLUTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although we are not totally certain that evolution is how we got the way we are now, it is a strong belief among many people today, and scientist are finding more and more evidence to back up the evolutionary theory. An Introduction to Evolution Essay -- Evolution Science Biology Essays An Introduction to Evolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Evolution? Evolution is the process by which all living things have developed from primitive organisms through changes occurring over billions of years, a process that includes all animals and plants. Exactly how evolution occurs is still a matter of debate, but there are many different theories and that it occurs is a scientific fact. Biologists agree that all living things come through a long history of changes shaped by physical and chemical processes that are still taking place. It is possible that all organisms can be traced back to the origin of Life from one celled organims. The most direct proof of evolution is the science of Paleontology, or the study of life in the past through fossil remains or impressions, usually in rock. Changes occur in living organisms that serve to increase their adaptability, for survival and reproduction, in changing environments. Evolution apparently has no built-in direction purpose. A given kind of organism may evolve only when it occurs in a variety of forms differing in hereditary traits, that are passed from parent to offspring. By chance, some varieties prove to be ill adapted to their current environment and thus disappear, whereas others prove to be adaptive, and their numbers increase. The elimination of the unfit, or the "survival of the fittest," is known as Natural Selection because it is nature that discards or favors a particular being. Evolution takes place only when natural selection operates on apopulation of organisms containing diverse inheritable forms. HISTORY Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) was the first to propose a general theory of evolution. He said that hereditary material, consisting of particles, was transmitted from parents to offspring. His opinion of the part played by natural selection had little influence on other naturalists. Until the mid-19th century, naturalists believed that each species was created separately, either through a supreme being or through spontaneous generation the concept that organisms arose fully developed from soil or water. The work of the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus in advancing the classifying of biological organisms focused attention on the close similarity between certain species. Speculation began as to the existence of a sort of blood relationship between... ...y different. For example, the wing of a bird and the wing of a butterfly are analogous; both are used for flight, but they are entirely different structurally. Analogous structures do not indicate evolutionary relationships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Closely related fossils preserved in continuous successions of rock strata have allowed evolutionists to trace in detail the evolution of many species as it has occurred over several million years. The ancestry of the horse can be traced through thousands of fossil remains to a small terrier-sized animal with four toes on the front feet and three toes on the hind feet. This ancestor lived in the Eocene Epoch, about 54 million years ago. From fossils in the higher layers of stratified rock, the horse is found to have gradually acquired its modern form by eventually evolving to a one-toed horse almost like modern horses and finally to the modern horse, which dates back about 1 million years. CONCLUSION TO EVOLUTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although we are not totally certain that evolution is how we got the way we are now, it is a strong belief among many people today, and scientist are finding more and more evidence to back up the evolutionary theory.

Clara Barton’s Courage Essay

â€Å"My business is staunching blood, and feeding fainting men.†, Clara Barton once wrote according to the Clara Barton Birthplace museum, 2010. One of the most important humanitarians and courageous people that has ever lived is Clara Barton. Barton posses the qualities and fits the definition of courageous through her actions as she encounters life of helping to aid soldiers in very extreme surroundings, donating munificently to the war, and trying to help a cause when she had nothing left, showing selflessness. Shows perseverance as she kept going while soldiers stopped for the night, she put much effort to unite Red Cross and the US, and she kept striving when she was told it was unladylike. Barton asserted a hard working ethic by working in many wars, working nights that had much to do, and accomplishing the assignment from Lincoln. Look more:  perseverance essay Clara Barton was a courageous person from having the traits of selflessness, perseverance, and a hard working ethic. Thus presenting the qualifications and the definition of courage herself. Born in Oxford Massachusetts on December 25, 1821 to Stephan â€Å"Captain† Barton and Sarah Stone, (American Red Cross, 2013) Growing up, her childhood was very fearful and full of containing much nursing experience. Barton had no playmates as a child, but she had many adults and became chicken-hearted of many things, â€Å"I remember nothing but fear† (Clara Barton, 1862). She first encountered and glimpsed into the field of healing others, when she was 11 years old. Her brother suffered a very serious fall, and at the time- doctors prescribe leeches. Clara Harlowe became his nurse for a duration of 2 years. (Nancy Whitelaw, 1997) When she was a child, she would always listen to her father’s war stories and watch her family all become teachers or serve in the war. She followed their footprints and became a teacher, but quit after 10 years from feeling that this isn’t what she really wants to do. A school was dedicated to her for her great efforts. She became a clerk, but quit for the same reason. (Women in History, 2013). She helped in many civil wars as aid, which awarded her with the Iron Cross, the Cross of Imperial Russia and the International Red Cross Medal. (Women in History, 2013) Years later, around the age of 83, she retired from being the president of the Red Cross. At the age of 90, she died. America, thought of her as one of the greatest Americans in History, (Red Cross, 2013) Life experiences that put her down, was suffering depression around times of no work such as being restricted to continue aiding, â€Å" but always seemed to revive quickly when a major calamity called for her services,† (Red Cross, 2013) Clara Barton is a very courageous person in history from her altruism throughout her life. She volunteered to help aid soldiers in very extreme places, donated most of her life savings, and though she had lack of funds or tickets, she still tried to help a cause with what was left. One extreme nursing area was when she aided in the battle of Antietam. â€Å"The tables jarred and rolled until we could hardly keep the men on them, and the roar was overwhelming.† (Clara Barton, 1862). While she was attending to needy men, the upper levels of the house was being shot at. â€Å"the house and corn field were under the lee of a hill and the enemy’s guns were mostly trained on that hill so that the firing went over us. The upper stories of the house were riddled to be sure and several shells fell in among us†, Clara Barton,1862. The mere fact that she had to adapt and not be fearful, as she stayed in this hostile and unsuitable environment for medical aid, presenting the characteristic of selflessness. She was there to help, no matter what the situation put her in. She was also selfless by philanthropic acts toward the war. In Culpepper, Virginia, she brought 3 warehouses of supplies from her own home from lack of supplies there, and aided them without pay or pension. (James Lincoln Collier, 2003) 3 warehouses full of supplies in the time period was a great deal. She gave her life savings to the penurious war and realized she had too little money to keep up with the dedication to aid. She proposed to congress for 30,000 dollars to keep up the great help, but only received 15,000 in congressional appropriations instead. (Nancy Whitelaw 1997) Clara Barton was selfless when she was restricted from the army supplies and unable to help the army in any way from lack of funds and ticket. During this time, whenever she heard of need of aid, she was there. Exemplifying, St. Helens Island was infected with smallpox, so she scraped up money to help them by sending supplies such clothes and sanitation, according to Nancy Whitelaw, 1997. During this time she talked to everyone she could and tried to publicize how important it is to donate to the army, while suffering depression. (Dorothy Francis 2002) Barton’s courage is greatly emphasized from the events showing her selflessness as she put her heart out for the cause she believed in. Overall, Barton was a very courageous person because of perseverance and devotion to the cause. She kept proceeding on the trail while soldiers stopped for the night, she put much effort to unite Red Cross and the US, and she kept contending when she was told it was unladylike. While many soldiers stopped for the night, she continued on the path to set up her place to care for the wounded. â€Å"At dusk the train drew to one side of the road and halted for the night. At midnight I directed my drivers to harness quietly and drive on past them, if possible without creating suspicion.† (Clara Barton, 1862) When the battle began, she would be completely prepared to heal anyone as soon as it starts. She adjusted to her job, to where she could care for the soldiers at the utmost convenience. Also, she showed perseverance during the battle of Antietam. She testified to congress in 1862, of a conversation between the Chef and herself. The assistants were gone, leaving the Chef and her. â€Å"They have been here through ghastly scenes since daylight and then cannonading is nerve-wracking. Don’t blame them that they have retired, and some have gone down the line to the wounded.† Other assistants couldn’t bear the amount of trouble and overwhelming times, yet she abided until the supplies ran out, therefore showing perseverance. Clara Barton showed perseverance by fighting the odds of the union of the Red Cross and the US.( Nancy Whitelaw, 1997). Her persistence to the government officials,was not enough to make them budge, so she tried to publicize Red Cross. She wrote countless letters, talked to everyone she could, and created speeches to gain support and awareness that might change the government official’s minds. (James Lincoln Collier, 2003) When Barton went to Europe for rest, she and Henry Dunant tried to make â€Å"international agreements to protect the sick and wounded during wartime without respect to nationality and for the formation of national societies to give aid voluntarily on a neutral basis.† by making an agreement to many countries such as Russia, the US, and Geneva for the Red Cross to be part of the â€Å"framework†. (Red Cross, 2013) She also showed perseverance by when she was told that what she wanted to do was unladylike, yet kept going. When she made the decision to visit the front of the battlefield for a living, she had to get many proper officials authorizations. They told her of how it’s not fit for a lady, but she juxtaposed to their argument of the idea of how effective she was aiding to the Washington troops, through the exemplaning the amount time she spent collecting supplies for soldiers, and the fact of 3 warehouses full of supplies to her dispense. (Dorothy Francis, 2002) Clara Barton was a very courageous person because of her hard working ethic. She worked in many wars, worked nights that had much to do, and accomplishing the assignment from Lincoln. Barton aided in Battle of Cedar mountain, Battle of Chantilly, Battle of South Mountain, Maryland, Siege of Ft. Wagner, South Carolina, traveled with the Army of the Potomac, Battle of Fredericksburg, and aided to riots in Maryland, and many other small battles. (Clara Barton, 1862) The timing between each war was very little- some were only less than a week apart. The duration of each war was as little as 2 days to a whole month. (National Park Service, 2013) In account of Barton 1862, she and 42 other nurses were nursing with many soldiers in need of immediate attention, 1862. Clara Barton had a hard working ethic because of the amaranthine and undying amount of wounded pouring in that she tended to (Clara Barton, 1862) Since there were ceaseless amounts of wounded soldiers each night, she was constantly working throughout the night. Clara Barton even stated in her diary about how sometimes she wouldn’t be able to see her quarters for two days because of the amount of 1862. Having long tedious nights, every night for a long time, means much effort given all the time. Barton showed her hard working ethic when President Lincoln allowed her to search for missing soldiers. She set up an office of correspondence for four years writing to families . (Red Cross, 2013) â€Å"She and her assistants received and answered over 63,000 letters and identified over 22,000 missing men† (Red Cross, 2013). Her hard working and dedicated work ethic brings. Clara Barton had a great impact on history. She created Red Cross, she tracked over 36000 men, and she proved and inspired many people that they can help in the war without fighting it. The Red Cross is a great relief to every disaster of human need there is. â€Å"When disasters strike abroad, we provide technical support, relief supplies, and financial assistance to ensure rapid response and recovery,† they stated, 2013. Their role in the community was purely to save many lives funded and made possible by contributors in society. Clara Barton founded and created this organization that affected many Americans. Without the Red Cross, we would be relying on the government to provide help in disasters. With the limited funding they have, it would not anywhere close to the support the Red Cross has. Same with the facts of, if there was never a Red Cross, there would not be enough support to military families, disaster relief, enough health/ safety education, help to foreign countries, and enough blood to provide who needs it. (Red Cross, 2013). When Clara Barton did the assignment by Lincoln, â€Å"She and her assistants received and answered over 63,000 letters and identified over 22,000 missing men,† according to the Red Cross. She helped create the national cemetery of the Andersonville Prison, she and 31 other people â€Å"identified the graves of nearly 13,000 men†. She provided much cessation of worry to the 63,000 families by doing what she did. (Red Cross, 2013) Imagine if she didn’t help at all with identifying and provide closure to the vast amount of men who were MIA? Clara Barton had a great impact on history and the world, as it seen by them of inspiration and proof that you can help the war without fighting it. Barton’s speeches she gave over time to who would listen, provided awareness of the donation and volunteer work available to in the Red Cross. (Nancy Whitelaw, 1997) Events such as helping to servicing in intense environments, donating most of her life savings, trying to largess with insufficient funds, shows the trait selflessness, which perceived as courageous. Perseverance (also a trait apart of courage) is shown as she kept on trail while soldiers stopped for the night, put much effort to unite Red Cross and the US, and kept contending when she was told it was unladylike. Courage also has the trait of a hard working ethic shown by Barton having an aspiration to assist in many wars, working nights that had much to do, and accomplishing the assignment from Lincoln. Barton is one of the most courageous people in history from having the traits of selflessness, perseverance, and a hard working ethic. Works Cited â€Å"The Civil War: Clara Barton – Birthplace Museum.† The Civil War: Clara Barton – Birthplace Museum. The Birthplace Museum, 2010. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Founder Clara Barton.† Clara Barton. Red Cross, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Women in History†. Clara Barton biography. Last Updated: 2/5/2013. Lakewood Public Library. Date accessed 2/5/2013 . â€Å"Clara Barton and the International Red Cross Association†, Clara Barton papers, Library of Congress, reel # 109, beginning at frame # 409, Sep. 17, 1862. 17 Sep. 1862. Wed. 05 Feb. 2013 Collier, James Lincoln, and Greg Copeland. The Clara Barton You Never Knew. New York: Children’s, 2003. Print. â€Å"Founder Clara Barton.† Clara Barton. Red Cross, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. Francis, Dorothy Brenner. Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross. Brookfield, CT: Millbrook, 2002. Print. Whitelaw, Nancy. Clara Barton: Civil War Nurse. Springfield, NJ: Enslow, 1997. Print.